Cotula
Cotula is a genus of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It includes plants known generally as water buttons or buttonweeds.
The species within this genus can vary extensively in their habit, leaf division, involucre, receptacle and achenes. This makes it difficult to define them by comparing their morphology. The genus can only be defined by looking at the corollas of their flowers. Most are disciform. These corollas may be tubular, reduced or even absent. Another characteristic is their solitary heads growing on a peduncle.
Taxonomy
Cotula is the largest genus found in the Southern Hemisphere of the tribe Anthemideae. This genus was first mentioned by Carl Linnaeus, who described four species in his first edition of Species Plantarum. In 1867 the genus was subdivided by George Bentham into three sections. Since his account, only a few changes have been made but the number of species has remained more or less stable. The sections possess different basic chromosome numbers :- section Cotula : largest section with about 40 species; mostly in South Africa, a few in North Africa and Australia + the cosmopolitan species C. coronopifolia and the widespread species C. turbinata; this section also includes the former genera Cenia and Otochlamys; basic chromosome numbers x = 8 and x = 10.
- section Strongylosperma Benth.: a total of eight species, found in warmer parts of Africa and Asia, Central and South America and Australia ; basic chromosome number : x = 18
- section Leptinella Hook f. : the remaining thirty species, found in South America and the Falkland Islands, New Zealand, the Subantarctic Islands and five species from Australia and New Zealand.; the species in this section have a distinctive characteristic not found in the other sections : inflated pistillate corollas; basic chromosome number : x = 13. See also Leptinella.
; Species