International Phonetic Alphabet chart
The following is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
Official chart
Vowels
Consonants
[Pulmonic consonant]s
[Non-pulmonic consonant]s
[Co-articulated consonant]s
Other consonants
- Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop
- Voiceless dentolabial fricative
- Voiceless bidental fricative
- Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive
- Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive
- Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive
Tones
| Rising | |||
| Falling | |||
| High rising | |||
| Mid rising | |||
| Low rising | |||
| High falling | |||
| Mid falling | |||
| Low falling | |||
| Rising–falling | |||
| Falling–rising |
Auxiliary symbols
| Primary stress | |
| Secondary stress | |
| Long | |
| Half-long | |
| Extra-short | |
| Minor group | |
| Major group | |
| Syllable break | |
| Linking | |
| Global rise | |
| Global fall |
| Phonetic transcription | |
| Phonemic transcription | |
| Prosodic notation | |
| Indistinguishable utterance | |
| Sound obscured |