Communications Access for Land Mobiles
Communications access for land mobiles is an initiative by the ISO TC 204/Working Group 16 to define a set of wireless communication protocols and air interfaces for a variety of communication scenarios spanning multiple modes of communications and multiple methods of transmissions in Intelligent Transportation System. The CALM architecture is based on an IPv6 convergence layer that decouples applications from the communication infrastructure. A standardized set of air interface protocols is provided for the best use of resources available for short, medium and long-range, safety critical communications, using one or more of several media, with multipoint transfer.
Since 2007 CALM stands for Communication Access for Land Mobile, before that year, CALM stood for Communications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range.
Communication Modes
CALM enables the following communication modes:- Vehicle-to-Infrastructure : communication initiated by either roadside or vehicle
- Vehicle-to-Vehicle : peer to peer ad hoc networking amongst fast moving objects following the idea of MANET's/VANET's.
- Infrastructure-to-Infrastructure : point-to-point connection where conventional cabling is undesirable
- Infrared
- GSM
- DSRC 5.8-5.9 GHz
- Various evolutions of the IEEE 802.11 standard including WAVE, M5
- WiMAX, IEEE 802.16e
- MM-wave
- Satellite
- Bluetooth
- RFID
Applications
Applications for CALM are likely to include in-vehicle internet access, dynamic navigation, safety warnings, collision avoidance, and ad hoc networks linking multiple vehicles.Security
The CALM architecture protects critical in-vehicle communication using a firewall controlled by the vehicle.Parental controls are also being considered as a component of the architecture.