Cocoseae
Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.
Description
The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma. The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination. According to Thomas C. Whitmore all Cocosoid palms have inflorescences in which the flowers are in triads.Distribution
The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa and Madagascar, respectively.Phylogeny
A 2016 molecular phylogenomic analysis of the tribe Cocoseae gives the following phylogenetic tree:Systematics
The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. are identified as natural relatives in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.The tribe is divided into three subtribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups
Genera
| Subtribe | Image | Genus | Extant species |
| Beccariophoenicinae J.Dransf. & Uhl | Beccariophoenix Jum. & H.Perrier | Beccariophoenix alfredii Rakotoarin., Ranariv. & J.Dransf. Beccariophoenix madagascariensis Jum. & H.Perrier Beccariophoenix fenestralis J. Dransfield & M. Rakotoarinivo | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Allagoptera Nees | Allagoptera arenaria Kuntze Allagoptera brevicalyx M.Moraes Allagoptera campestris Kuntze Allagoptera caudescens Kuntze Allagoptera leucocalyx Kuntze | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Butia Becc | Butia archeri GlassmanButia arenicola BurretButia campicola NoblickButia capitata Becc.Butia catarinensis Noblick & LorenziButia eriospatha Becc. Butia exilata Deble & MarchioriButia exospadix NoblickButia lallemantii Deble & MarchioriButia lepidotispatha NoblickButia leptospatha NoblickButia marmorii NoblickButia matogrossensis Noblick & LorenziButia microspadix BurretButia odorata Noblick Butia paraguayensis L.H.Bailey Butia pubispatha Noblick & LorenziButia purpurascens GlassmanButia witeckii K.Soares & S. LonghiButia yatay Becc. | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Jubaea Kunth | Jubaea chilensis Baill. | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Jubaeopsis Becc. | Jubaeopsis afra Becc. | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Cocos L. | Cocos nucifera L. | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Syagrus Mart. | ||
| Butiinae Saakov | Parajubaea Burret | Parajubaea cocoides BurretParajubaea sunkha M.MoraesParajubaea torallyi Burret | |
| Butiinae Saakov | Voanioala J. Dransf. | Voanioala gerardii J. Dransf. | |
| Attaleinae Drude | Attalea Kunth | ||
| Elaeidinae Hook.f. | Barcella Trail ex Drude | Barcella odora Drude | |
| Elaeidinae Hook.f. | Elaeis Jacq. | Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Elaeis oleifera Cortés | |
| Bactridinae Drude | Acrocomia Mart. | Acrocomia aculeata Lodd. ex R.KeithAcrocomia crispa C. Baker ex. Becc.Acrocomia emensis LorenziAcrocomia glaucescens LorenziAcrocomia hassleri W.J.Hahn DrudeAcrocomia media O.F.CookAcrocomia totai Mart. | |
| Bactridinae Drude | Aiphanes Willd. | ||
| Bactridinae Drude | Astrocaryum G.Mey. | ||
| Bactridinae Drude | Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. | ||
| Bactridinae Drude | Desmoncus Trail ex Drude | ||
| Bactridinae Drude | - | - | - |