Cocoseae

Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.

Description

The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma. The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination. According to Thomas C. Whitmore all Cocosoid palms have inflorescences in which the flowers are in triads.

Distribution

The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa and Madagascar, respectively.

Phylogeny

A 2016 molecular phylogenomic analysis of the tribe Cocoseae gives the following phylogenetic tree:

Systematics

The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. are identified as natural relatives in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.
The tribe is divided into three subtribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups

Genera

Subtribe	Image	Genus	Extant species
Beccariophoenicinae J.Dransf. & Uhl		Beccariophoenix Jum. & H.Perrier	Beccariophoenix alfredii Rakotoarin., Ranariv. & J.Dransf. Beccariophoenix madagascariensis Jum. & H.Perrier Beccariophoenix fenestralis J. Dransfield & M. Rakotoarinivo
Butiinae Saakov		Allagoptera Nees	Allagoptera arenaria Kuntze Allagoptera brevicalyx M.Moraes Allagoptera campestris Kuntze Allagoptera caudescens Kuntze Allagoptera leucocalyx Kuntze
Butiinae Saakov		Butia Becc	Butia archeri Glassman Butia arenicola Burret Butia campicola Noblick Butia capitata Becc. Butia catarinensis Noblick & Lorenzi Butia eriospatha Becc. Butia exilata Deble & Marchiori Butia exospadix Noblick Butia lallemantii Deble & Marchiori Butia lepidotispatha Noblick Butia leptospatha Noblick Butia marmorii Noblick Butia matogrossensis Noblick & Lorenzi Butia microspadix Burret Butia odorata Noblick Butia paraguayensis L.H.Bailey Butia pubispatha Noblick & Lorenzi Butia purpurascens Glassman Butia witeckii K.Soares & S. Longhi Butia yatay Becc.
Butiinae Saakov		Jubaea Kunth	Jubaea chilensis Baill.
Butiinae Saakov		Jubaeopsis Becc.	Jubaeopsis afra Becc.
Butiinae Saakov		Cocos L.	Cocos nucifera L.
Butiinae Saakov		Syagrus Mart.
Butiinae Saakov		Parajubaea Burret	Parajubaea cocoides Burret Parajubaea sunkha M.Moraes Parajubaea torallyi Burret
Butiinae Saakov		Voanioala J. Dransf.	Voanioala gerardii J. Dransf.
Attaleinae Drude		Attalea Kunth	List of Attalea species
Elaeidinae Hook.f.		Barcella Trail ex Drude	Barcella odora Drude
Elaeidinae Hook.f.		Elaeis Jacq.	Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Elaeis oleifera Cortés
Bactridinae Drude		Acrocomia Mart.	Acrocomia aculeata Lodd. ex R.Keith Acrocomia crispa C. Baker ex. Becc. Acrocomia emensis Lorenzi Acrocomia glaucescens Lorenzi Acrocomia hassleri W.J.Hahn Drude Acrocomia media O.F.Cook Acrocomia totai Mart.
Bactridinae Drude		Aiphanes Willd.
Bactridinae Drude		Astrocaryum G.Mey.
Bactridinae Drude		Bactris Jacq. ex Scop.
Bactridinae Drude		Desmoncus Trail ex Drude
Bactridinae Drude	-	-	-