Coccinelle
Jacqueline Charlotte Dufresnoy, better known by her stage name Coccinelle, was a French cabaret entertainer, singer, actress, and transgender activist. A transgender woman, she was the first widely publicized celebrity to undergo gender reassignment in Europe. Coccinelle was an international celebrity and a renowned club singer, styled as a blonde bombshell and sex symbol.
Biography
Early life
Dufresnoy was born as Jacques-Charles in Paris in 1931 at rue Notre Dame de Nazareth No. 66 in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris. She was given the nickname "Coccinelle" after a red party dress with polka dots she wore, which she adopted as her stage name in show business.Career
As "Coccinelle" she made her debut as a transgender showgirl in 1953 at Chez Madame Arthur where her mother was a flower seller. She later performed regularly at the famous nightclub Le Carrousel de Paris, which also featured regular acts by other famous transgender women such as April Ashley and Bambi.Coccinelle travelled to Casablanca in 1958 to undergo a vaginoplasty by Georges Burou. She said later, "Dr Burou rectified the mistake nature had made and I became a real woman, on the inside as well as the outside. After the operation, the doctor just said, 'Bonjour, Mademoiselle', and I knew it had been a success."
Coccinelle became a media sensation, and performed the Cherchez la femme revue which ran for 7 months at the Olympia in Paris between 1963 and 1964. In 1987, her autobiography was published, titled Coccinelle par Coccinelle.
Coccinelle married French journalist Francis Paul Bonnet in a civil ceremony at the town hall of the 17th arrondissement of Paris on 16 March 1960. Her marriage to Bonnet was dissolved in 1962. She then married Paraguayan dancer Mario Costa in 1963, who died in 1977. She then married fellow transgender activist Thierry Wilson in 1996.
Media sensation and influence
Coccinelle very quickly became a media sensation upon her return to France after the operation, with a look and stage act based on the prominent sex symbols of the day. Historian Joanne Meyerowitz wrote "the more sexualized MTF showed up in the sensationalized press in the stories on Coccinelle, who worked at Le Carrousel in Paris".In 1959 Coccinelle appeared in Europa di notte by director Alessandro Blasetti. That same year, Italian singer Ghigo Agosti dedicated the song Coccinella to her, provoking widespread consternation and controversy. Coccinelle appeared in the 1962 Argentine thriller film Los Viciosos and was the first French trans woman to become a major star, when Bruno Coquatrix splashed her name in red letters on the front of Paris Olympia for her 1963 revue, Cherchez la femme. She later appeared in the 1968 Spanish romantic drama Días de viejo color.
An Ecuadorian LGBTQI+ association founded in 1997 was named after her.
Activism and later life
Coccinelle worked extensively as an activist on behalf of transgender people, founding the organization "Devenir Femme", which was designed to provide emotional and practical support to those seeking gender reassignment surgery. She also helped establish the Center for Aid, Research, and Information for Transsexuality and Gender Identity. In addition, her first marriage, in 1960, was the first such union to be officially acknowledged by the government of France, thereby establishing transgender people's legal right to marry. Her 1987 autobiography Coccinelle was published by Daniel Filipacchi.Coccinelle was hospitalised in July 2006 following a stroke. She later died on 9 October in Marseille.
Filmography
Discography
Coccinelle No 1- Tu t'fous de moi
- L'Amour a fleur de coeur
- Prends-moi ou laisse-moi
- Tu es là
- Je cherche un millionnaire
- Avec mon petit faux-cul
- Cherchez la femme
- On fait tout à la main
- C'est sûrement vous
- Depuis toujours