Cliff Robertson
Clifford Parker Robertson III was an American actor whose career in film and television spanned over six decades. Robertson portrayed a young John F. Kennedy in the 1963 film PT 109, and won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the film Charly.
On television, Robertson portrayed retired astronaut Buzz Aldrin in the 1976 TV film adaptation of Aldrin's autobiographic Return to Earth, played a fictional character based on Director of Central Intelligence Richard Helms in the 1977 miniseries Washington: Behind Closed Doors, and portrayed Henry Ford in Ford: The Man and the Machine. His last well-known film appearances were as Uncle Ben in the 2002–2007 Spider-Man film trilogy.
Robertson was an accomplished aviator who served as the founding chairman of the Experimental Aircraft Association 's Young Eagles Program at its inception in the early 1990s. It became the most successful aviation youth advocacy program in history.
Early life and education
Robertson was born in La Jolla, California, the son of Clifford Parker Robertson Jr. and his first wife, Audrey Olga Robertson. His Texas-born father was described as "the idle heir to a tidy sum of ranching money". Robertson once said, " was a very romantic figure – tall, handsome. He married four or five times, and between marriages he'd pop in to see me. He was a great raconteur, and he was always surrounded by sycophants who let him pick up the tab. During the Great Depression, he tapped the trust for $500,000, and six months later he was back for more."Robertson's parents divorced when he was one, and his mother died of peritonitis a year later in El Paso, Texas, at the age of 21. He was raised by his maternal grandmother, Mary Eleanor "Eleanora" Willingham, in California, and rarely saw his father. He graduated in 1941 from La Jolla High School, where he was known as "The Walking Phoenix".
He served as a third mate in the U.S. Merchant Marine during World War II, before attending Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and dropping out to work for a short time as a journalist.
Career
Robertson studied at the Actors Studio, becoming a life member. In the early 1950s he worked steadily in television, including a stint as the lead of Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers. He appeared in Broadway in Late Love and The Wisteria Trees, the latter written by Joshua Logan.Columbia
Robertson made his film debut in Picnic, directed by Logan. Robertson played the role of William Holden's best friend – a part originated on stage by Paul Newman. Newman was under contract to Warner Bros. when the film was being made and was then considered too big a star to reprise his stage performance. Logan's wife recommended Robertson after seeing him in a revival of The Wisteria Trees, and the director remembered him from a Chicago production of Mister Roberts.The film was a box office success and Robertson was promoted to Joan Crawford's co-star in Autumn Leaves, also at Columbia Pictures, playing her mentally unstable younger lover. This meant he had to pass up the chance to replace Ben Gazzara on Broadway in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. However he did return to Broadway to appear in Orpheus Descending by Tennessee Williams, which only had a short run.
File:Jane-powell-cliff-robertson-girl-most-likely-1958-.jpg|thumb|right|Robertson, Jane Powell, and Keith Andes in the 1958 film, The Girl Most Likely
Robertson went to RKO to make two films: The Naked and the Dead, an adaptation of the famous novel, co-starring Aldo Ray; and The Girl Most Likely, a musical – the last film made by RKO Studios. Robertson received superb reviews for Days of Wine and Roses on TV with Piper Laurie.
He was in Columbia's Gidget, appearing opposite Sandra Dee as the Big Kahuna. It was popular and led to two sequels, neither of which Robertson appeared in. Less successful was a war film at Columbia, Battle of the Coral Sea.
In 1961, he was the third lead in Paramount's All in a Night's Work, starred in Samuel Fuller's Underworld U.S.A. at Columbia, and supported Esther Williams in The Big Show. He had his first film hit since Gidget with Columbia's The Interns. After supporting Debbie Reynolds in My Six Loves, Robertson was President John F. Kennedy's personal choice to play him in 1963's PT 109. The film was not a success at the box office.
More popular was Sunday in New York, where Robertson supported Rod Taylor and Jane Fonda, and The Best Man where he was a ruthless presidential candidate.
Robertson appeared in a popular war film 633 Squadron then supported Lana Turner in a melodrama, Love Has Many Faces. In 1965 he said his contract with Columbia was for one film a year.
''Charly''
In 1961 Robertson played the lead role in a United States Steel Hour television production titled "The Two Worlds of Charlie Gordon", based on the novel Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes. Frustrated at the progress of his career, Robertson optioned the rights to the teleplay and hired William Goldman to write a script. Before Goldman completed his work, Robertson arranged for Goldman to be hired to Americanize the dialogue for Masquerade, a spy spoof which Robertson starred in, replacing Rex Harrison.Robertson then made a war film, Up from the Beach for Fox and guest-starred on that studio's TV show, Batman. He co-starred with Harrison in The Honey Pot for Joseph L. Mankiewicz then appeared in another war film, The Devil's Brigade with William Holden.
Robertson disliked Goldman's Algernon script and replaced the writer with Stirling Silliphant for what became Charly. The film was another box office success and Robertson won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of a mentally-challenged man.
Stardom
Charly was made by ABC Pictures, which insisted that Robert Aldrich use Robertson in Too Late the Hero, a war film with Michael Caine that was a disappointment at the box office.Robertson turned down roles in The Anderson Tapes, Straw Dogs, and Dirty Harry. Instead Robertson co-wrote, starred in, and directed J. W. Coop, another commercial disappointment despite excellent reviews.
File:Lynn Garrison SV4.C Stampe painted for Cliff Robertson film project, Weston, Ireland, 1969.jpg|thumb|Lynn Garrison's Stampe-Vertongen SV.4 painted for a Robertson film project, Weston, Ireland, 1969
Looking back on his career, Robertson said: "nobody made more mediocre movies than I did. Nobody ever did such a wide variety of mediocrity".
In 1969, immediately after winning the Academy Award for Charly, Robertson, a lifelong aviation enthusiast, attempted to produce and direct an aviation film, I Shot Down the Red Baron, I Think, featuring World War I aerial combat, using Lynn Garrison's Irish aviation facility. The comedic storyline portrayed the Red Baron as gay. The aircraft featured garish paint schemes. The film was never completed or released.
Robertson played Cole Younger in The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid and a pilot in Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies. He appeared in the 1974 thriller Man on a Swing and the 1975 British drama Out of Season.
Later career
Robertson returned to supporting parts in Three Days of the Condor, which was a big hit. He played the lead in Obsession, a popular thriller from Brian De Palma and Paul Schrader, and in the Canadian drama Shoot. He was also one of several stars in Midway.Robertson turned to television for Washington: Behind Closed Doors, then had the lead in a thriller, Dominique. He returned to directing for The Pilot, also playing the title role, an alcoholic flyer. Robertson played Hugh Hefner in Star 80. He attempted to make Charly II in 1980 but it did not happen.
From the 1980s and 1990s onwards, Robertson was predominantly a character actor. He played villains in Class and Brainstorm. He did have the lead in Shaker Run in New Zealand, and Dreams of Gold: The Mel Fisher Story on TV.
In addition, he served as the company spokesperson for AT&T from 1983 to 1992 and appeared in various commercials for their long-distance service and consumer telephones.
He was a villain in Malone, did Dead Reckoning on TV and supported in Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken, Wind, Renaissance Man and John Carpenter's Escape from L.A..
Late in his life, Robertson's career had a resurgence. He appeared as Uncle Ben Parker in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man, as well as in the sequels Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3. He commented on his website: "Since Spider-Man 1 and 2, I seem to have a whole new generation of fans. That in itself is a fine residual." He also starred in and wrote 13th Child and appeared in Riding the Bullet, both horror films.
In 1989, he was a member of the jury at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.
Television
Robertson's early television appearances included a starring role in the live space opera Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers, as well as recurring roles on Hallmark Hall of Fame, Alcoa Theatre, and Playhouse 90, Outlaws. Robertson also appeared as a special guest star on Wagon Train for one episode, portraying an Irish immigrant.In 1958, Robertson portrayed Joe Clay in the first broadcast of Playhouse 90's Days of Wine and Roses. In 1960, he was cast as Martinus Van Der Brig, a con man, in the episode "End of a Dream" of Riverboat.
Other appearances included: "Wagon Train", The Twilight Zone episodes "A Hundred Yards Over the Rim" and "The Dummy", followed by The Eleventh Hour in the 1963 episode "The Man Who Came Home Late". He guest-starred on such television series as The Greatest Show on Earth, Breaking Point and ABC Stage 67. He had starring roles in episodes of both the 1960s and 1990s versions of The Outer Limits, including "The Galaxy Being", the first episode of the original series. He was awarded an Emmy for his leading role in a 1965 episode, "The Game" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre. He appeared as a villain on five episodes of ABC's Batman series as the gunfighter "Shame", the second time with his wife, Dina Merrill, as "Calamity Jan".
In 1976, he portrayed a retired Buzz Aldrin in an adaptation of Aldrin's autobiography Return to Earth. The next year, he portrayed a fictional Director of Central Intelligence in Washington: Behind Closed Doors, an adaptation of John Ehrlichman's roman à clef The Company, in turn based on the Watergate scandal. In 1987, he portrayed Henry Ford in Ford: The Man and The Machine. From 1983 to 1984, he played Dr. Michael Ranson in Falcon Crest.