Cistus salviifolius


Cistus salviifolius, common names sage-leaved rock-rose, salvia cistus or Gallipoli rose, is a shrub of the family Cistaceae.

Etymology

The genus name Cistus derives from the Ancient Greek words κίσθος meaning basket, while the species name salviifolius refers the wrinkled leaves similar to those of the sage.

Description

Cistus salviifolius has spreading stems covered by clumpy hairs. This bushy shrub reaches on average in height, with a maximum of. The oval-shaped green leaves are long, opposite, reticulate, tomentose on both sides, with a short petiole.
The inflorescence holds one or more round flowers, long-stalked, arranged at the leaf axils. The five white petals have a yellow spot at the base, forming a corolla in diameter. The stamens are also yellow and the anthers shed abundant yellow pollen. This plant is pollinated by insects, especially by bees. The flowering period extends from April through May. The fruit is a pentagonal capsule, 5–7 mm long.

Phylogeny

Cistus salviifolius belongs to the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.

Cultivation

Cistus salviifolius cultivated in the nursery industry, and grown in gardens and public landscapes, often for its drought-tolerant and pollinator habitat attributes.

Distribution

This showy wildflower is native to the Mediterranean region, in southern Europe and parts of Western Asia and North Africa.

Habitat

This plant prefers dry hills, scrubland and open woodlands, at an altitude of above sea level. It regrows very quickly following a fire.

Synonyms

  • Cistus macrocalyx Sennen & Pau
  • Cistus paui Sennen
  • Cistus salomonis Sennen & Malag.
  • Cistus salviifolius macrocalyx Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius brevipedunculatus Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius longipedunculatus Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius vulgaris Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius biflorus Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius cymosus Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius grandifolius Willk.
  • Cistus salviifolius var. fissipetalus Sennen
  • Cistus salviifolius var. occidentalis Rouy & Foucaud
  • Cistus salviifolius var. rierae Sennen
  • Cistus salviifolius var. schizocalyx Sennen
  • Cistus salviifolius L.
  • Ledonia peduncularis var. salviifolia Spach
  • Ledonia peduncularis Spach
Other synonyms reported by The Plant List include:
  • Cistus apricus Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus arrigens Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus elegans Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus fruticans Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus humilis Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus microphyllus Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus platyphyllus Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus rhodanensis Timb.-Lagr.
  • Cistus sideritis C.Presl
  • Cistus velutinus Timb.-Lagr.

Chemistry

Cistus salviifolius contains flavan-3ols, oligomeric proanthocyanidins and prodelphinidins such as epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-hydroxybenzoate), epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin -3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-(4β→6)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, 1-O-β-d -(6′-O-galloyl)-glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene, epigallocatechin-(4β→8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, 1-O-β-d- glucopyranosyl-3-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzene and rhododendrin. It also contains ellagitannins of the punicalagin type.