Chrysallida


Chrysallida is a speciose genus of minute sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae within the tribe Chrysallidini.

Taxonomy

The genus Folinella had two preoccupied names - Amoura De Folin, 1873 not J.E. Gray 1847, and Funicularia Monterosato, 1884 not Forbes, 1845.
The genus Chrysallida Carpenter, 1856 has been used as a catchall, particularly in the European literature following a lead by Winckworth, for most pyramidellids having both axial and spiral sculpture but having otherwise little in common with the Californian type species C. communis. A statement that this is incorrect was voiced by van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud who nevertheless still used Chrysallida as the genus to include many Eastern Atlantic species, distributed into several subgenera. Micali, Nofroni & Perna restored usage of Parthenina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 for several species formerly placed in Chrysallida. This move was continued by Høisæter, Peñas, Rolán & Swinnen and Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. who are here followed, but there are still many species remaining unduly under Chrysallida. For these, we have refrained from making new combinations not backed by a published source. Nevertheless, all the species that were already "accepted" under a subgenus, now raised to full genus, have been marked as "accepted" under that full genus.

Distribution

Species within the genus Chrysallida are commonly distributed in all oceans from the tropics to the polar regions, the Arctic and the Antarctic. It is mainly known from coastal areas, and is uncommon in deep elevations such as trenches in the sea.
The members of Chrysallida are ectoparasites on serpulid polychaetes.

Species

There are multiple species within the genus Chrysallida, these include the following in alphabetical order:Chrysallida affinis Chrysallida africana van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996Chrysallida angusta Carpenter, 1864Chrysallida annobonensis Peñas & Rolán, 2002Chrysallida asiatica Corgan, 1970Chrysallida australis Thiele, 1930Chrysallida bellula A. Adams, 1860Chrysallida bjoernssoni Warén, 1991Chrysallida boucheti Peñas & Rolán, 1999Chrysallida caelatura Chrysallida canariensis Nordsieck & Talavera, 1979Chrysallida cancellata

Synonyms

The following species were brought into synonymyChrysallida alleryi : synonym of Parthenina monterosatii Chrysallida angulosa : synonym of Parthenina angulosa Chrysallida anselmoi Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Parthenina anselmoi Chrysallida antimaiae Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina obesa Chrysallida approximans : synonym of Kongsrudia approximans Chrysallida brattstroemi Warén, 1991: synonym of Parthenina brattstroemi Chrysallida brevicula : synonym of Turbonilla amoena Chrysallida brusinai : synonym of Spiralinella incerta Chrysallida buijsei De Jong & Coomans, 1988: synonym of Fargoa bushiana Chrysallida casta A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Pyrgulina casta Chrysallida clathrata : synonym of Parthenina clathrata Chrysallida columna: synonym of Pyrgulina columna Chrysallida colungiana F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Parthenina dollfusi Chrysallida consobrina A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Pyrgulina consobrina Chrysallida convexa : synonym of Besla convexa Chrysallida dantarti Peñas & Rolán, 2008: synonym of Parthenina dantarti Chrysallida decussata : synonym of Parthenina decussata Chrysallida dekkeri van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina dekkeri Chrysallida dimidiata Schander, 1994: synonym of Pyrgulina dimidiata Chrysallida doliolum : synonym of Odostomella doliolum Chrysallida dollfusi : synonym of Parthenina dollfusi Chrysallida elegans : synonym of Liamorpha elegans Chrysallida emaciata : synonym of Parthenina emaciata Chrysallida ersei Schander, 1994: synonym of Kongsrudia ersei Chrysallida excavata : synonym of Folinella excavata Chrysallida eximia : synonym of Parthenina eximia Chrysallida faberi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina faberi Chrysallida falcifera : synonym of Tragula falcifera Chrysallida farolita F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Parthenina interstincta Chrysallida feldi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina feldi Chrysallida fenestrata : synonym of Tragula fenestrata Chrysallida fischeri : synonym of Pyrgulina fischeri Hornung & Mermod, 1925Chrysallida flexuosa : synonym of Parthenina flexuosa Chrysallida gabmulderi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina gabmulderi Chrysallida ghisottii : synonym of Folinella ghisottii van Aartsen, 1984Chrysallida gruveli : synonym of Kongsrudia gruveli Chrysallida humilis : synonym of Quirella humilis Chrysallida incerta : synonym of Spiralinella incerta Chrysallida inconspicua A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Chrysallida innocua Corgan, 1970Chrysallida indistincta : synonym of Parthenina indistincta Chrysallida intermixta : synonym of Parthenina monozona Chrysallida interspatiosa van der Linden & Eikenboom, 1992: synonym of Parthenina flexuosa Chrysallida interstincta : synonym of Parthenina interstincta Chrysallida jadisi : synonym of Boonea jadisi Chrysallida jeffreysiana : synonym of Trabecula jeffreysiana Monterosato, 1884Chrysallida jordii Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Folinella moolenbeeki van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 1998Chrysallida josae van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Parthenina josae Chrysallida juliae : synonym of Parthenina juliae Chrysallida jullieni : synonym of Pyrgulina jullieni Dautzenberg, 1912Chrysallida kempermani van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of Pyrgulina kempermani Chrysallida kronenbergi van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of Trabecula kronenbergi Chrysallida lacourti F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of Spiralinella spiralis Chrysallida limitum : synonym of Parthenina limitum Chrysallida maiae : synonym of Pyrgulina maiae Hornung & Mermod, 1924Chrysallida manonegra Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Chrysallida minutissima Chrysallida mariella : synonym of Egilina mariella Chrysallida mariellaeformis: synonym of Babella mariellaeformis Chrysallida marthinae Nofroni & Schander, 1994: synonym of Spiralinella marthinae Chrysallida mauritanica Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Parthenina mauritanica Chrysallida micronana Ozturk & van Aartsen, 2006: synonym of Pyrgulina nana Hornung & Mermod, 1924Chrysallida monozona : synonym of Parthenina monozona Chrysallida monterosatii : synonym of Parthenina monterosatii Chrysallida moolenbeeki Amati, 1987: synonym of Parthenina moolenbeeki Chrysallida muinaiensis : synonym of Spiralinella muinaiensis Saurin, 1962Chrysallida multicostata : synonym of Parthenina multicostata Chrysallida mumia A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Turbonilla mumia Chrysallida mutata : synonym of Kongsrudia mutata Chrysallida nanodea : synonym of Parthenina juliae Chrysallida nivosa : synonym of Jordaniella nivosa Chrysallida obesa : synonym of Pyrgulina obesa Dautzenberg, 1912Chrysallida obtusa : synonym of Chrysallida interstincta, synonym of Parthenina interstincta Chrysallida oodes : synonym of Pyrgulina oodes Chrysallida opaca Hedley, 1906: synonym of Odostomella opaca Chrysallida palazzii Micali, 1984: synonym of Parthenina palazzii Chrysallida parasigmoidea Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina parasigmoidea Chrysallida pellucida : synonym of Spiralinella spiralis Chrysallida penchynati: synonym of Parthenina penchynati Chrysallida perscalata : synonym of Linopyrga perscalata Chrysallida pinguis Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of Pyrgulina pinguis Chrysallida pirinthella : synonym of Pyrgulina pirinthella Melvill, 1910Chrysallida plicata A. Adams, 1860: synonym of Pyrgulina plicata Chrysallida pontica Grossu, 1986: synonym of Parthenina pontica Chrysallida pseudalveata Nomura, 1936: synonym of Pyrgulina pseudalveata Chrysallida pulchella A. Adams, 1860: synonym of Pyrgulina pulchella Chrysallida pulchra Gaglini, 1992: synonym of Miralda elegans : synonym of Liamorpha elegans Chrysallida punctigera : synonym of Linopyrga punctigera Chrysallida pupula : synonym of Pyrgulina pupula Chrysallida pyttelilla Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina pyttelilla Chrysallida rinaldii Micali & Nofroni, 2004: synonym of Parthenina rinaldii Chrysallida rufolineata A. Adams, 1863: synonym of Odostomella rufolineata Chrysallida sarsi: synonym of Parthenina sarsi Chrysallida sergei Nofroni & Schander, 1994: synonym of Parthenina sergei Chrysallida sigma: synonym of Kunopia sigma Chrysallida sigmoidea : synonym of Strioturbonilla sigmoidea Chrysallida spiralis : synonym of Spiralinella spiralis Chrysallida suturalis : synonym of Parthenina suturalis

Ecology

Little is known about the ecology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the Pyramidellidae sensu lato, they are most likely ectoparasites.