Christianity in Jharkhand


Christians are a religious community residing in the Indian state of Jharkhand. As per 2011 Census of India, 4.3% of people in Jharkhand are Christians. Christians are majority in Simdega district of Jharkhand.

Overview

Christianity is a minority religion in Jharkhand, a state of India. Jharkhand is known for tribals such as Munda, Santhal, Oraon and Kharia. A Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ranchi exists. St. Mary's Cathedral in Ranchi has been a cathedral since 1909. The Church of North India has a Diocese of Chota Nagpur with a seat at Ranchi. The Church of North India has a St. Paul's Cathedral in Ranchi. Gossner Theological College is in Jharkhand. Many Munda & Kharia are Christians. The then pope visited Ranchi in 1986. The Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam has its seat in Ranchi. Dhanbad has Oriental Orthodox Churches. Christian missionaries arrived in today's Jharkhand in 1845.

History

Pre-independence era

Christianity was introduced to Chota Nagpur in 1845 through the arrival of German Evangelical Lutheran missionaries, including Pastors Schatz, Brandt, Batsch, and Janke, following their unsuccessful efforts in Calcutta after arriving from Berlin in 1844. These missionaries were initially heading for Mergui in Myanmar in view of preaching the Christian faith among the Karen people or in the areas located in the footsteps of the Himalayas. However, on meeting some people from Ranchi, they changed their plan and headed for Chota Nagpur and its main town, Ranchi. They reached Ranchi on 2 November 1845 and camped on, what is now known as, the 'Bethesda Ground' in Ranchi. Anglican missionary work was established at Ranchi in 1869 under the Anglican Bishop of Calcutta, followed by the establishment of a Roman Catholic mission in 1885 after the arrival of Father Constant Lievens. The Dublin University Mission from Ireland began its work in the region in 1890. By 1872, the Christian population in the region was 16,190, which increased to,, and in the 1881, 1891, and 1901 censuses, respectively. The growth of Christianity in the region was largely among the tribal communities, which contributed to the rise of anti-conversion movements like the Birsa Munda Movement and the Tana Bhagat Movement.

Post-independence era

After India became independent, the missionaries who remained post independence, worked for the improvement standard of living and providing education to the children of the tribals. Evidently many of the tribals emerged as sportsmen especially in the game of hockey and football.
Even the first Prime Minister of India, Dr. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his The Discovery of India acknowledges the contribution of the early missionaries for development of tribals dialect stating that ''even laboured at the dialects of the primitive hill and forest tribes...''

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the Christian population in the state stood at 1,418,608, reflecting an increase of 29.75% from the 2001 census, which recorded 1,093,382 Christians. Simdega district has the highest concentration of Christians, accounting for 51.14% of its population, followed by Khunti at 25.66% and Gumla at 19.75%. The Scheduled Tribes, primarily Oraon, Munda, Santal, Kharia, Mal Paharia, Sauria Paharia, Ho (Kolha) constitute of the Christian population, while remaining belongs to the general population of the state. The breakdown of Christianity among Scheduled Tribes is:
Scheduled Tribe CommunityChristian Pct. of Christians in CommunityPct. of Christians in ST ChristiansPct. of Christians in State Christians
Asur, Agaria2,0799.260.160.15
Baiga200.5600
Banjara51.0300
Bathudi40.1200
Bedia1360.140.010.01
Bhumij6000.290.040.04
Binjhia680.470.010
Birhor6846.380.050.05
Birjia2,01032.030.150.14
Chero1260.130.010.01
Chik Baraik1,9593.620.150.14
Generic Tribes19,28511.11.441.36
Gond3160.590.020.02
Gorait430.8600
Ho19,8912.141.491.4
Karmali1420.220.010.01
Kawar630.7700
Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia133,24967.949.969.39
Kharwar4010.160.030.03
Khond3314.9300
Kisan, Nagesia1,1032.960.080.08
Kol5941.110.040.04
Kora, Mudi -Kora4551.390.030.03
Korwa8052.260.060.06
Lohra7,4083.430.550.52
Mahli8,6185.650.640.61
Mal Paharia, Kumarbhag Paharia24,48218.031.831.73
Munda, Patar403,46632.8230.1528.44
Oraon, Dhangar 449,09226.1633.5631.66
Parhaiya2290.90.020.02
Santal236,3048.5817.6616.66
Sauria Paharia24,35752.71.821.72
Savar1481.530.010.01
Total ST Community1,338,17515.4810094.33

Churches and ministry

The major denominations and church bodies in the state are given below.
The other smaller denominations are:
Source: