List of ethnic groups in China

The Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group in mainland China. In 2010, 91.5% of the population were classified as Han Chinese. Besides the Han Chinese majority, 55 other ethnic groups are categorized in present-day China, numbering approximately 105 million people, mostly concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major ethnic minorities in China are the Zhuang, Hui, Uyghurs, Miao, Manchus, Yi, Tujia, Tibetans, Mongols, Buyei, Dong, Yao, Bai, Koreans, Hani, Li, Kazakhs, and Dai. In addition, there are a number of unrecognized ethnic groups which together comprise over 730,000 people. Collectively, the ethnic groups of China are referred to as the Zhonghua minzu. However, being part of the Zhonghua minzu does not necessarily mean one must have Chinese nationality or be loyal to the People's Republic of China.

Officially recognized groups

Officially recognized ethnic groups receive or have received certain benefits over Han Chinese under the regional ethnic autonomy system, including affirmative action, exemptions from the one-child policy, designated seats in political organs and government support to preserve their culture. Ethnic minority autonomous areas receive additional state subsidies. Languages of officially recognized minorities are used in official government documents.
Soon after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, 39 ethnic groups were recognized by the first national census in 1954. This further increased to 54 by the second national census in 1964, with the Lhoba people added in 1965. The last change was the addition of the Jino people in 1979, bringing the number of recognized ethnic groups to the current 56. The following are the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.

English Name	Standard Romanization	Code	Simplified Chinese	Mandarin Pinyin	2020 National Shares	2020 Population	2010 Population	2000 Population	1990 Population	Year of recognition
Han Chinese	Han	HA	汉族	Hànzú	91.1098%	1,284,446,389	1,220,844,520	1,139,773,008	1,042,482,187	1954
Zhuang	Zhuang	ZH	壮族	Zhuàngzú	1.3801%	19,568,546	16,926,381	16,187,163	15,489,630	1954
Uyghur	Uygur	UG	维吾尔族	Wéiwú'ěrzú	0.8352%	11,774,538	10,069,346	8,405,416	7,214,431	1954
Hui	Hui	HU	回族	Huízú	0.8070%	11,377,914	10,586,087	9,828,126	8,602,978	1954
Miao	Miao	MH	苗族	Miáozú	0.7851%	11,067,929	9,426,007	8,945,538	7,398,035	1954
Manchu	Man	MA	满族	Mǎnzú	0.7394%	10,423,303	10,387,958	10,708,464	9,821,180	1954
Yi	Yi	YI	彝族	Yízú	0.6973%	9,830,327	8,714,393	7,765,858	6,572,173	1954
Tujia	Tujia	TJ	土家族	Tǔjiāzú	0.6801%	9,587,732	8,353,912	8,037,014	5,704,223	1964
Tibetan	Zang	ZA	藏族	Zàngzú	0.5008%	7,060,731	6,282,187	5,422,954	4,593,330	1954
Mongol	Mongol	MG	蒙古族	Měnggǔzú	0.4461%	6,290,204	5,981,840	5,827,808	4,806,849	1954
Bouyei	Bouyei	BY	布依族	Bùyīzú	0.2537%	3,576,752	2,870,034	2,973,217	2,545,059	1954
Dong	Dong	DO	侗族	Dòngzú	0.2480%	3,495,993	2,879,974	2,962,911	2,514,014	1954
Yao	Yao	YA	瑶族	Yáozú	0.2347%	3,309,341	2,796,003	2,638,878	2,134,013	1954
Bai	Bai	BA	白族	Báizú	0.1484%	2,091,543	1,933,510	1,861,895	1,594,827	1954
Hani	Hani	HN	哈尼族	Hānízú	0.1229%	1,733,166	1,660,932	1,440,029	1,253,952	1954
Korean	Chosŏn	CS	朝鲜族	Cháoxiǎnzú	0.1207%	1,702,479	1,830,929	1,929,696	1,920,597	1954
Li	Li	LI	黎族	Lízú	0.1136%	1,602,104	1,463,064	1,248,022	1,110,900	1954
Kazakh	Kazak	KZ	哈萨克族	Hāsàkèzú	0.1108%	1,562,518	1,462,588	1,248,022	1,110,900	1954
Dai	Dai	DA	傣族	Dǎizú	0.0943%	1,329,985	1,261,311	1,159,231	1,025,128	1954
Lisu	Lisu	LS	傈僳族	Lìsùzú	0.0541%	762,296	702,839	635,101	574,856	1954
She	She	SH	畲族	Shēzú	0.0529%	746,385	708,651	710,039	630,378	1964
Dongxiang	Dongxiang	DX	东乡族	Dōngxiāngzú	0.0550%	774,947	621,500	513,826	373,872	1954
Gelao	Gelao	GL	仡佬族	Gēlǎozú	0.0481%	677,521	550,746	579,744	437,997	1964
Lahu	Lahu	LH	拉祜族	Lāhùzú	0.0354%	499,167	485,966	453,765	411,476	1954
Sui	Sui	SU	水族	Shuǐzú	0.0352%	495,928	411,847	407,000	345,993	1954
Wa	Wa	WA	佤族	Wǎzú	0.0306%	430,997	429,709	396,709	351,974	1954
Nakhi	Naxi	NX	纳西族	Nàxīzú	0.0230%	323,767	326,295	309,477	278,009	1954
Qiang	Qiang	QI	羌族	Qiāngzú	0.0222%	312,981	309,576	306,476	198,252	1954
Tu	Tu	TU	土族	Tǔzú	0.0200%	281,928	289,565	241,593	191,624	1954
Mulao	Mulao	ML	仫佬族	Mùlǎozú	0.0197%	277,233	216,257	207,464	159,328	1964
Kyrgyz	Kirgiz	KG	柯尔克孜族	Kē'ěrkèzīzú	0.0145%	204,402	186,708	160,875	141,549	1954
Xibe	Xibe	XB	锡伯族	Xībózú	0.0136%	191,911	190,481	189,357	172,847	1954
Salar	Salar	SL	撒拉族	Sālāzú	0.0117%	165,159	130,607	104,521	87,697	1954
Jingpo	Jingpo	JP	景颇族	Jǐngpōzú	0.0114%	160,471	147,828	132,158	119,209	1954
Daur	Daur	DU	达斡尔族	Dáwò'ěrzú	0.0094%	132,299	131,992	132,747	121,357	1964
Blang	Blang	BL	布朗族	Bùlǎngzú	0.0090%	127,345	119,639	91,891	82,280	1964
Maonan	Maonan	MN	毛南族	Máonánzú	0.0088%	124,092	101,192	107,184	71,968	1964
Tajik	Tajik	TA	塔吉克族	Tǎjíkèzú	0.0036%	50,896	51,069	41,056	33,538	1954
Pumi	Pumi	PM	普米族	Pǔmǐzú	0.0032%	45,012	42,861	33,628	29,657	1964
Achang	Achang	AC	阿昌族	Āchāngzú	0.0031%	43,775	39,555	33,954	27,708	1964
Nu	Nu	NU	怒族	Nùzú	0.0026%	36,575	37,523	28,770	27,123	1964
Evenki	Ewenki	EW	鄂温克族	Èwēnkèzú	0.0025%	34,617	30,875	30,545	26,315	1954
Vietnamese	Gin	GI	京族	Jīngzú	0.0024%	33,112	28,199	22,584	18,915	1964
Jino	Jino	JN	基诺族	Jīnuòzú	0.0018%	26,025	23,143	20,899	18,021	1979
Bonan	Bonan	BO	保安族	Bǎo'ānzú	0.0017%	24,434	20,074	16,505	12,212	1954
De'ang	Deang	DE	德昂族	Dé'ángzú	0.0016%	22,354	20,556	17,935	15,462	1964
Russian	Russ	RS	俄罗斯族	Éluósīzú	0.0011%	16,136	15,393	15,631	13,504	1954
Yugur	Yugur	YG	裕固族	Yùgùzú	0.0010%	14,706	14,378	13,747	12,297	1954
Uzbek	Uzbek	UZ	乌孜别克族	Wūzībiékèzú	0.0009%	12,742	10,569	12,423	14,502	1954
Monba	Monba	MB	门巴族	Ménbāzú	0.0008%	11,143	10,561	8,928	7,475	1964
Oroqen	Oroqen	OR	鄂伦春族	Èlúnchūnzú	0.0007%	9,168	8,659	8,216	6,965	1954
Derung	Derung	DR	独龙族	Dúlóngzú	0.0005%	7,310	6,930	7,431	5,816	1964
Nanai	Hezhen	HZ	赫哲族	Hèzhézú	0.0004%	5,373	5,354	4,664	4,245	1964
Lhoba	Lhoba	LB	珞巴族	Luòbāzú	0.0003%	4,237	3,682	2,970	2,312	1965
Tatars	Tatar	TT	塔塔尔族	Tǎtǎ'ěrzú	0.0003%	3,544	3,556	4,895	4,873	1954
Gaoshan	Gaoshan	GS	高山族	Gāoshānzú	0.0002%	3,479	4,009	4,488	2,909	1954
Undistinguished	—	none	未识别民族	Wèi Shìbié Mínzú	0.0593%	836,488	640,101	734,438	749,341	—
Naturalized Citizen	—	none	外国人加入中国籍	Wàiguórén Jiārù Zhōngguójí	0.0012%	16,595	1,448	941	3,421	—