Chimuan languages


Chimuan or Yuncan is a hypothetical small extinct language family of northern Peru and Ecuador.

Family division

Chimuan is proposed to be consisted of at least three attested languages:Chimuan
All languages are now extinct.
Campbell classifies Mochica and Cañar–Puruhá each as separate language families.
Mochica was one of the major languages of pre-Columbian South America. It was documented by Fernando de la Carrera and Middendorff in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries respectively. It became extinct ca. 1950, although some people remember a few words. Adelaar & Muysken consider Mochica a language isolate for now.
Cañari and Puruhá are documented with only a few words. These two languages are usually connected with Mochica. However, as their documentation level is so low, it may not be possible to confirm this association. According to Adelaar & Muysken, Jijón y Caamaño's evidence of their relationship is only a single word: Mochica nech "river", Cañari necha; based on similarities with neighboring languages, he finds a Barbacoan connection more likely.
Quingnam, likely the same language as Lengua Pescadora, is sometimes taken to be a dialect of Mochica, but it is effectively unattested, unless a list of numerals discovered in 2010 turns out to be Quingnam or Pescadora as expected. Those numerals are not, however, Mochica.

Mason (1950)

Yunca-Puruhán internal classification by Mason :
  • Yunca–Puruhán
  • *Yuncan
  • **North group
  • ***Puruhá
  • ***Canyari
  • ***Manabila
  • **South group
  • ***Yunga
  • ***Morropé
  • ***Eten
  • ***Chimu
  • ***Mochica
  • ***Chanco
  • *Atalán
  • **Wancavilca
  • ***Mania
  • ***Tumbez
  • ***Puna
  • ***Carake: Apichiki, Cancebi
Mason added Atalán to the family.

Tovar (1961)

Tovar, partly based on Schmidt, adds Tallán to Chimuan. Tovar's classification below is cited from Stark.

Proposed external relationships

Stark proposed a Maya–Yunga–Chipayan macrofamily linking Mayan with Uru–Chipaya and Yunga.

Vocabulary

Loukotka lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Chimuan languages.