Central Indochina dry forests

The Central Indochina dry forests are a large tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion in Southeast Asia.

Location and description

The ecoregion consists of an area of plateau and low river basin in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar and includes:

In Thailand the large Khorat Plateau, the higher elevation plains of the Chao Phraya River basin, the foothills of the Tenasserim Hills and other dry areas of the lower slopes of the Khun Tan, Phi Pan Nam and Phetchabun mountain ranges of the north of the country.
In central and southern Laos the wide valley of the Mekong river system.
In Cambodia a large area of the dry plains of the northern, eastern, and south-central parts of the country.
In Vietnam the uplands of the upper Tonlé San and Srepok Rivers.
Adjacent neighboring parts of eastern Myanmar

These are the drier areas of Indochina with 1,000–1,500 mm rainfall per year and a long dry season when regular fires occur in the undergrowth, some set intentionally to clear the forest or drive out wildlife for hunters.
Great swathes of this ecoregion are densely populated and are used for agriculture or urban development, especially in Thailand.

Flora

While some large areas do remain in northeastern Cambodia, much of the original deciduous dipterocarp forest has presently been cleared, especially in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. The remaining woodlands consist of a variety of types of habitats and consequently a wide range of trees and undergrowth plants.

Fauna

The remaining forests are home to some large mammals including Asian elephants, wild water buffalo, Eld's deer and three species of wild cattle the gaur, the banteng and the kouprey. Large herds of these grazing animals were once widespread across the region and were preyed upon by tigers, clouded leopard, leopards and dhole . Both loss of habitat and hunting have seriously reduced numbers of all these animals many of which are endangered with the kouprey very rare and other species such as the Javan rhinoceros, Sumatran rhinoceros and Schomburgk's deer now extinct in the region.
Other mammals of the region include the pileated gibbon, two leaf monkeys, and the sun bear while there are two endemic species, both are vesper bats - the Szechwan myotis and the Chinese pipistrelle.
There are 500 species of bird in the region including the critically endangered and possibly extinct white-eyed river martin, the endemic grey-faced tit-babbler and the endangered or threatened Bengal florican, greater adjutant and white-shouldered ibis. Other birds of the remaining woodlands of the area include the silver pheasant, Siamese fireback, Mrs. Hume's pheasant, grey peacock-pheasant, sarus crane, great hornbill, Austen's brown hornbill, and wreathed hornbill.
The reptile and amphibian populations require further study but most likely include endemic species such as a critically endangered Cantor's giant soft-shelled turtle, two geckos and the Korat supple skink.

Threats and preservation

Active preservation is required to keep large tracts of the remaining habitat intact and connected rather than being broken into small patches. This is particularly important for the survival of the remaining tiger populations in the wild. About 6% of the area is protected with the largest areas including Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary, Lomphat Wildlife Sanctuary and Phnom Prich in Cambodia and Xe Piane National Biodiversity Conservation Area in Laos.