Callaway Plantation
The Callaway Plantation, also known as the Arnold-Callaway Plantation, is a set of historical buildings, and an open-air museum located in Washington, Georgia. The site was formerly a working cotton plantation with enslaved African Americans. The site was owned by the Callaway family between 1785 until 1977; however, the family still owns a considerable amount of acreage surrounding the Callaway Plantation. When The plantation was active, it was large in size and owned several hundred slaves.
The museum site is a area containing the main houses that was donated by the family to the city of Washington in 1977. Additional buildings were moved to the site to represent typical plantation buildings. The museum is operated by the city of Washington, Georgia. The site is considered notable and historical by the National Register of Historic Places because the main manor house it is a rare example of the Greek Revival architecture used as a plantation house, and is an example of classicism in Reconstruction-era Georgia. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places list since April 11, 1972.
Callaway family history
The Callaway family of Georgia descends from Peter Callaway an immigrant who came to the United States from England. Fuller Earle Callaway, and Cason Jewell Callaway were part of this same family; and their branch of the family had migrated to west Georgia.1700s
In 1783, Thomas Edward Callaway and his family moved to the state of Georgia from Halifax County, Virginia. In 1785, John Callaway, one of the four sons of Thomas Edward Callaway, was granted 200 acres of land by the state of Georgia, located 9 miles West from Washington, Georgia. John Callaway built a one room log cabin on the property. John Callaway and his son Enoch Callaway held many enslaved African Americans, and the plantation grew cotton for export. The enslaved people lived in log cabins near the homestead.1800s
When John Callaway died in 1821, he bequeathed 25 enslaved African Americans to his children and his body was buried in the Callaway family cemetery. The cemetery had existed prior to John's burial, filled with former neighbors in graves that were unmarked or poorly marked with stones. John's son Enoch Callaway died in 1859, and passed on a remaining 8 enslaved African Americans in his will. When slaves died they were buried in a separate burial ground only for African American.Jobe Callaway, married and moved to Chambers County, Alabama but later returned to Callaway Plantation. Jobe Callaway died at the plantation and left in his will to his son Jacob, "558 acres, where he lives". Jacob Callaway built his homestead in 1817, most of his wealth came before the American Civil War, as he helped raised cotton and sold it to England.
Jacob Callaway's son Parker inherited 100 acres near the "Fishing Creek" by 1855, and he started amassing and buying tracts of land nearby from his relatives, and by the time he had died he had 3060+ acres. Jacob Callaway's money from the last shipment of cotton accrued interest in the Bank of England, which he could not access until after the Civil War ended in 1865. The Callaway family made a large profit from the interest and was able to take that money to fund the building of the brick manor house by 1869 under his grandson Aristide's leadership.
1900s
Parker Callaway's son Aristides sold the majority of the 3060+ acres property to W. R. Callaway, Enoch Jones, and Lucy A. Jones. When Aristides Callaway died, he left 400+ acres to two of his children. Aristides granddaughter, Katie Mae Arnold Hardin donated her portion of the Callaway property to the city of Washington, Georgia.Architecture
There are many structures on the property, however the notable buildings include the Parker Callaway homestead, and Aristides Callaway's Greek Revival brick plantation manor house. Other structures include the Jacob Callaway's Grey House, a log cabin, a one-room schoolhouse, the Dally Slave Cabin, and a general store, all moved to the site from elsewhere in Georgia in order to create the museum. There is also a corn crib, a house for making bricks, and a smoke house.The main manor house was built in a "monumental scale", during the Reconstruction-era after the American Civil War, which indicates the family had much wealth. Bricks were not a common material during that time period or in that location.
The Grey House was built in 1790 by Jacob Callaway and still stands on the site, a two-story house in Federal Plain style architecture. The Grey House features period furnishings and decorations.