Chief Public Health Officer of Canada


The chief public health officer of Canada is the lead health professional and primary spokesperson on public health related matters for the Government of Canada. The chief public health officer provides advice to the minister of health and the president of the Public Health Agency of Canada, works in collaboration with the agency president in the agency's leadership and management, and works with other departments and levels of government on public health matters. PHAC, along with the CPHO post was established in 2004 amidst the SARS crisis.
The interim chief public health officer of Canada is Howard Njoo, who was appointed in June 2025, following the retirement of Theresa Tam.

Overview

The CPHO position was created by Carolyn Bennett in her position as Minister of State for Public Health in 2004, along with the Public Health Agency of Canada. Per the Public Health Agency of Canada Act, the CPHO holds office "during pleasure for a term not exceeding five years". The CPHO can be reappointed for additional terms.
The CPHO is selected through an open and transparent national competitive process, and is appointed by the Governor-in-Council. The process is merit-based: as per the Public Health Agency of Canada Act, the CPHO must be a qualified public health professional.

Responsibilities

The CPHO is responsible for:
  • Providing public health advice to the minister of health and to the president of the Public Health Agency of Canada, and, as appropriate, work with other federal departments and agencies, provincial/territorial governments, the international community, health practitioners and Canadians on public health issues;
  • Giving the minister of health an annual report on Canadian public health;
  • Providing leadership of the Public Health Agency of Canada;
  • Taking a leadership/advocacy role in national public health matters and citizen engagement in public health;
  • Taking accountability for health provisions related to official acts ; and
  • Assuming the role of the federal government spokesperson on public health issues, in particular, during public health emergencies.
During public health emergencies, such as outbreaks or natural disasters, the CPHO is responsible for:
  • Working with relevant professionals and officials to plan responses and to provide Canadians with information about plan outbreak responses and how to protect themselves;
  • Providing briefings and advice to the president of the Public Health Agency, the minister of health, and others; and
  • Communicating public health information to Canadians via different channels.
The chief public health officer was the head of the Public Health Agency of Canada until 2014, in which government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper reorganized the management structure of PHAC through a 2014 omnibus budget bill and instituted a parallel presidential-structure and position to govern the organization, that then could be staffed by non-medical and non-scientific personnel. The NDP health critic said at the time that: "To bury it in an omnibus bill says to me that they don't want people to know about it and they don't want questions," while Health Minister Rona Ambrose said that "the idea for the new structure came from the agency itself," which was led at the time on an interim basis for the previous 16 months by Gregory W. Taylor.

Areas of focus

2017–present

Former CPHO Theresa Tam released a vision statement in early 2018. She wishes to pay particular attention to the reduction of health discrepancies in the country, which includes collaborating with and reducing the socioeconomic gap of Indigenous Peoples. Her six areas of focus are currently:
  1. The risks of antimicrobial resistance and the correct use of antibiotics;
  2. Building healthy environments that reduce health discrepancies;
  3. The championing of youth health;
  4. The reduction of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections;
  5. The reduction of Tuberculosis in at-risk populations; and
  6. Promoting education on substances, particularly their effects on youth
As CPHO, Tam wrote Fifteen years post-SARS: Key milestones in Canada's public health emergency response, in which she remarked somewhat presciently as it turns out that:

List of chief public health officers

Howard Njoo is the interim and present CPHO.
No.CPHOAppointedRetiredAppointed by
–Frank Plummer17 May 200423 October 2004Carolyn Bennett
1David Butler-JonesOctober 23, 2004June 2013Carolyn Bennett
2Gregory W. TaylorSeptember 24, 2014December 15, 2016Rona Ambrose
3Theresa TamJune 26, 2017June 20, 2025Jane Philpott
–Howard Njoo June 20, 2025Marjorie Michel

List of current provincial chief public health officers