Buckingham (unit)
The buckingham is a CGS unit of electric quadrupole, named in honour of the chemical physicist A. David Buckingham who was the first to measure a molecular quadrupole moment. It is defined as. This is equivalent to 1 debye-angstrom, where 1 debye = is the CGS unit of molecular dipole moment and 1 angstrom =.
One buckingham corresponds to the quadrupole moment resulting from two opposing dipole moments of equal magnitude of 1 debye that are separated by a distance of 1 angstrom, a typical bond length. This is analogous to the debye for the dipole moment of two opposing charges of separated by 1 angstrom, and the name Buckingham for the unit was suggested by Peter Debye in 1963 in honour of Buckingham.