British Rail Class 83
The British Rail Class 83 electric locomotives were built by English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside, England, to haul services on the West Coast Main Line following its electrification.
History
Construction
Fifteen locomotives of Class 83 were built between 1960 and 1962 by English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, as part of British Rail's policy to develop a standard electric locomotive. Five prototype classes were built and evaluated, which eventually led to the development of the locomotive.Three of these locomotives were to have been built as Type B, geared for freight trains; only two were so built, becoming E3303 and E3304. The third Type B, E3305, was never built as such; instead it was used as a test bed with silicon rectifiers and transductors, this being the first step towards thyristor control. It became a Type A, geared for passenger trains, and numbered E3100.
The other two Type B locomotives were eventually rebuilt as Type A, being renumbered E3098 and E3099. Power was provided by overhead catenary energised at 25,000 V AC.
Under the pre-TOPS British Rail classification, the first fourteen locomotives, E3024-E3035 and E3303, E3304 were Class AL3 ; the fifteenth engine, E3100, became Class AL3/1. All fifteen were included in the TOPS numbering system, being renumbered 83001-015.
The Polish EU06 class was produced by English Electric to a similar external design at the same time.
In service
The class was used to haul trains on the then newly-electrified West Coast Main Line, from to,, and later. By 1965, electrification had spread south to.Storage and refurbishment
As with the, the Class 83 suffered with problems with mercury-arc rectifiers. After spending several years in storage between 1967 and 1971, they were rebuilt with silicon rectifiers, as were already fitted to E3100, and dual braking between July 1970 and October 1973.The decision to reinstate the fifteen engines of Class 83 was the result of the extension of the electrification from Weaver Junction to, which required more electric locomotives. With both Class 83 and Class 84 being returned to traffic, only 36 s were required to be built.
Later use
Electrification finally reached Glasgow in the early 1970s, allowing this class to operate the full length of the West Coast Main Line.The last three in service were retained for use on empty coaching stock workings from London Euston to Willesden. 83009 had previously been used at Longsight Electric TMD in Manchester, to convert the 25 kV AC supply to 1500 V DC, to allow testing of the units following the closure of Reddish Electric Depot.
Withdrawal
Two locomotives were withdrawn early as a result of accidents. The first was 83003, which was severely damaged in an accident on 23 January 1975 south of with a Class 86 ; it was withdrawn in May 1975.The second engine was 83004, which was severely damaged in a collision with a near to Willesden TMD on 24 December 1977. In 1983, ten of the remaining thirteen engines were withdrawn, all being sent to the Vic Berry scrapyard in Leicester. The final three were withdrawn in 1989, with two of the three being scrapped at MC Metals of Glasgow in 1993.
Power supply
The locomotives operated on power provided by overhead catenary energised at 25,000 V AC. However, the main transformer, normally operated with the four windings in series, could be operated at 6250 V AC with the transformer windings in parallel. This voltage was initially to be used where limited clearances gave concern over use of the higher voltage. Since the clearances were found to be adequate, the lower voltage connections were locked out of use.Preservation
One locomotive has been preserved by the AC Locomotive Group:- 83012 / E3035 at Barrow Hill Roundhouse, in Derbyshire.