Brasilochloa
Brasilochloa is a genus of bamboo. It contains a single species, Brasilochloa sampaiana, an herbaceous perennial with culms up to 35 cm tall.
The plant was first collected in the early 20th century, and later thought extinct. In 2003 a small population with fewer than 100 individuals was discovered in a remnant of Atlantic Forest surrounded by extensive pastures in northern Rio de Janeiro state.