Bouveault aldehyde synthesis


The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a N,''N''-disubstituted formamide.
For primary alkyl halides this produces the homologous aldehyde one carbon longer. For aryl halides this produces the corresponding carbaldehyde. The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is an example of a formylation reaction, and is named for French scientist Louis Bouveault.

Reaction mechanism

The first step of the Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is the formation of the Grignard reagent. Upon addition of a N,''N''-disubstituted formamide a hemiaminal is formed, which can easily be hydrolyzed into the desired aldehyde.

Variations

Variants using organolithium reagents instead of magnesium-based Grignard reagents are also considered Bouveault aldehyde syntheses.