Boroughs and quarters of Berlin

Berlin is divided into boroughs or administrative districts. In Berlin, the term is officially shortened to Bezirke. The boroughs are further divided into quarters. These smaller localities are officially recognised, but have no administrative bodies of their own. Quarters and many of their subunits, the neighborhoods, typically have strong identities that sometimes predate their inclusion into the modern boundaries of Berlin. Both the boroughs and the quarters function differently to other subdivisions in Germany due to Berlin's dual status as an independent city as well as a federated state of Germany in its own right.
Since 2001, Berlin has been made up of twelve boroughs, each with its own administrative body. However, because Berlin is a single municipality, its boroughs have limited power, acting only as agencies of Berlin's state and city governments as laid out in the Greater Berlin Act of 1920. The boroughs are financially dependent on state donations, as they neither possess any taxation power nor own any property. This is in contrast to municipalities and counties in other German states, which are territorial corporations with autonomous functions and property.
Each borough is administered by an assembly of borough representatives, directly elected by proportional representation, and a district office led by a borough mayor, elected by the borough representatives. The district office is in charge of most administrative matters affecting its borough's residents, but its decisions can be revoked by the Berlin Senate. The borough mayors form a council of mayors, led by the city's governing mayor, and the council advises the Berlin Senate.

History

Each borough is made up of several officially recognized smaller districts or quarters. The number of quarters that form a borough varies considerably, ranging from two to fifteen. Most of Berlin's quarters are further composed of even smaller so-called Kieze, officially called Ortslagen. The number of officially recognized neighborhoods in Berlin's quarters also varies greatly, ranging from two to many more in older quarters, for example nine in Mitte, with many more unofficial neighborhoods and neighborships having formed over the decades. The quarters of Berlin and many of their neighborhoods typically have a historical identity as former independent cities, villages, or rural municipalities that were united in 1920 as part of the Greater Berlin Act, forming the basis for the present-day city and state. Berliners often identify more with the quarter where they live than with the borough that governs them, and in larger or older quarters, the smaller neighborhoods have often become the defining social spheres for their residents. The quarters do not have their own governmental bodies, but for urban planning and statistical purposes, the quarters are officially recognized and further subdivided into statistical zones and lebensweltlich orientierte Räume. These areas correspond roughly, but not exactly, with the official and unofficial social and historical neighborhoods recognized by residents.
When Greater Berlin was established in 1920, the city was organized into twenty boroughs, most of which were named after their largest component quarter, often a former city or municipality; others, such as Kreuzberg and Prenzlauer Berg, were named for geographic features. Minor changes to borough boundaries were made in 1938. After World War II, Berlin was divided into four sectors, with the Western sectors controlled by the United States, Britain, and France, and the Eastern sector controlled by the Soviet Union.
In 1961, the SED built the Berlin Wall to divide the city, effectively separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany. Three new boroughs were created in East Berlin: Marzahn was split off from Lichtenberg in 1979, Hohenschönhausen from Weißensee in 1985, and Hellersdorf from Marzahn in 1986. In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, and the city was reunified. This marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of a new era in Berlin's history.
After reunification, Berlin underwent a process of rapid transformation, as the city worked to rebuild and modernize its infrastructure and economy. Many new businesses and cultural institutions were established, and the city became a center of creativity and innovation.
By 2000, Berlin comprised twenty-three boroughs, as three new boroughs had been created in East Berlin. Today Berlin is divided into twelve boroughs, reduced from twenty-three boroughs by Berlin's 2001 administrative reform.

Boroughs

An administrative reform in 2001 merged all but three of the existing boroughs into the current 12 boroughs, as listed below. The three boroughs that were not affected were Spandau, Reinickendorf and Neukölln, as the population of each was already exceeding 200,000.

Borough	Bundestag constituency	Population 31 December 2023	Area in km²	Density per km²	Map
Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf	Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf	343,081	64.72	5,301
Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg	Berlin-Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg – Prenzlauer Berg East	293,454	20.16	14,556
Lichtenberg	Berlin-Lichtenberg	311,881	52.29	5,964
Marzahn-Hellersdorf	Berlin-Marzahn-Hellersdorf	291,948	61.74	4,728
Mitte	Berlin-Mitte	397,134	39.47	10,062
Neukölln	Berlin-Neukölln	330,017	44.93	7,345
Pankow	Berlin-Pankow	424,307	103.01	4,119
Reinickendorf	Berlin-Reinickendorf	268,792	89.46	3,005
Spandau	Berlin-Spandau – Charlottenburg North	257,091	91.91	2,797
Steglitz-Zehlendorf	Berlin-Steglitz-Zehlendorf	310,446	102.50	3,029
Tempelhof-Schöneberg	Berlin-Tempelhof-Schöneberg	355,868	53.09	6,703
Treptow-Köpenick	Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick	294,081	168.42	1,746

Coats of arms

All coats of arms of Berlin's boroughs have some common attributes: the shield has a Spanish form, and the coronet is represented by a mural crown, three towers in red bricks with the Berlin's coat of arms in the middle.
Most of the boroughs' current coats of arms have changed some elements in their fields. Some display a fusion of themes of the merged Bezirke ; others have modified their themes taken from one of the two former merged boroughs. Only the unchanged boroughs of Neukölln, Reinickendorf and Spandau have not changed their fields. Pankow's coat of arms was created with a new design in 2008, having been the only borough without a coat of arms for seven years.

Administration and politics

The borough government is part of the two-tier administration of the Berlin city-state, whereby the Senate and its affiliated agencies, institutions, and municipal enterprises form the first tier of the so-called Hauptverwaltung. In the second tier, the boroughs enjoy a certain degree of autonomy, although in no way comparable to the German Districts of Germany districts or independent cities, nor even to the local government of a common municipality as a legal entity, as according to the Berlin Constitution the legal status of the city as a German state itself is that of a unified municipality. The power of the borough governments is limited, and their performance of assigned tasks is subject to regulatory supervision by the Senate.
Nevertheless, the twelve self-governing boroughs have constitutional status, and are themselves subdivided into two administrative bodies. Each is governed by the assembly of borough representatives and a full-time council at the borough's district office, consisting of five councilors and headed by a borough mayor. The BVV is directly elected by the borough's population and therefore acts as a borough parliament, though it is officially part of the executive. It elects the members of the borough council, checks its daily administration, and is able to make applications and recommendations. The twelve borough mayors regularly meet in the Council of Mayors, led by the city's Governing Mayor; the council answers to and advises the Senate.
The boroughs' quarters have no local government bodies, and the administrative duties of their former representatives, the Ortsvorsteher, were taken over by the borough mayors.

State election party votes by constituency

People who live in the former West Berlin tend to vote for the CDU and the SPD, While voters in the former East Berlin tend to vote for Linke and the AfD.

Quarters

As of 2012, the twelve boroughs are made up of a total of 97 officially recognized quarters. Most of these smaller localities are further subdivided into officially recognized neighborhoods, but often amalgamated or extended by the populace with other unofficial zones and areas, in German usually called Kieze, Stadtteile, Stadtviertel or Orte. The largest quarter is Köpenick, the smallest one is Hansaviertel. The most populated quarter is Prenzlauer Berg, the least populated is Malchow.
Note that the coats of arms shown for quarters in the tables below are historical and no longer in official use, having lost their validity upon incorporation into Greater Berlin or new boroughs.
; Mitte

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Mitte	10.70	79,582	7,445
Moabit	7.72	69,425	8,993
Hansaviertel	0.53	5,889	11,111
Tiergarten	5.17	12,486	2,415
Wedding	9.23	76,363	8,273
Gesundbrunnen	6.13	82,729	13,496

; Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Friedrichshain	9.78	114,050	11,662
Kreuzberg	10.40	147,227	14,184

; Pankow

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Prenzlauer Berg	11.00	142,319	12,991
Weißensee	7.93	45,485	5,736
Blankenburg	6.03	6,550	1,086
Heinersdorf	3.95	6,580	1,666
Karow	6.65	18,258	2,746
Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow	5.68	1,166	205
Pankow	5.66	55,854	9,868
Blankenfelde	13.40	1,917	144
Buch	18.20	13,188	727
Französisch Buchholz	12.00	18,766	1,560
Niederschönhausen	6.49	26,903	4,145
Rosenthal	4.90	8,933	1,823
Wilhelmsruh	1.37	7,216	5,267

; Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Charlottenburg	10.60	118,704	11,198
Wilmersdorf	7.16	92,815	12,963
Schmargendorf	3.59	19,750	5,501
Grunewald	22.30	10,014	448
Westend	13.50	37,883	2,800
Charlottenburg-Nord	6.20	17,327	2,795
Halensee	1.27	13,966	10,997

; Spandau

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Spandau	8.03	33,433	4,164
Haselhorst	4.73	13,668	2,891
Siemensstadt	5.66	11,388	2,012
Staaken	10.90	41,470	3,810
Gatow	10.10	3,908	386
Kladow	14.80	13,628	922
Hakenfelde	20.40	26,337	1,292
Falkenhagener Feld	6.88	34,778	5,056
Wilhelmstadt	10.40	37,080	3,558

; Steglitz-Zehlendorf

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Steglitz	6.79	70,555	10,391
Lichterfelde	18.20	78,338	4,300
Lankwitz	6.99	40,385	5,778
Zehlendorf	18.80	57,902	3,075
Dahlem	8.36	14,966	1,784
Nikolassee	19.61	15,899	811
Wannsee	23.68	9,044	382
Schlachtensee	4.05	10,573	2,611

; Tempelhof-Schöneberg

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Schöneberg	10.60	116,743	11,003
Friedenau	1.65	26,736	16,204
Tempelhof	12.20	54,382	4,458
Mariendorf	9.38	48,882	5,211
Marienfelde	9.15	30,151	3,295
Lichtenrade	10.10	49,451	4,896

; Neukölln

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Neukölln	11.70	154,127	13,173
Britz	12.40	38,334	3,091
Buckow	6.35	38,018	5,987
Rudow	11.80	41,040	3,478
Gropiusstadt	2.66	35,844	13,475

; Treptow-Köpenick

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Alt-Treptow	2.31	10,426	4,513
Plänterwald	3.01	10,618	3,528
Baumschulenweg	4.82	16,780	3,481
Johannisthal	6.54	17,650	2,699
Niederschöneweide	3.49	10,043	2,878
Altglienicke	7.89	26,101	3,308
Adlershof	6.11	15,112	2,473
Bohnsdorf	6.52	10,751	1,649
Oberschöneweide	6.18	17,094	2,766
Köpenick	34.90	59,201	1,695
Friedrichshagen	14.00	17,285	1,233
Rahnsdorf	21.50	8,891	414
Grünau	9.13	5,482	600
Müggelheim	22.20	6,350	286
Schmöckwitz	17.10	4,117	240

; Marzahn-Hellersdorf

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Marzahn	19.50	102,398	5,240
Biesdorf	12.40	24,543	1,973
Kaulsdorf	8.81	18,732	2,126
Mahlsdorf	12.90	26,852	2,075
Hellersdorf	8.10	72,602	8,963

; Lichtenberg

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Friedrichsfelde	5.55	50,010	9,011
Karlshorst	6.60	21,329	3,232
Lichtenberg	7.22	32,295	4,473
Falkenberg	3.06	1,164	380
Malchow	1.54	450	292
Wartenberg	6.92	2,433	352
Neu-Hohenschönhausen	5.16	53,698	10,407
Alt-Hohenschönhausen	9.33	41,780	4,478
Fennpfuhl	2.12	30,932	14,591
Rummelsburg	4.52	17,567	3,887

Codes 1105 and 1108 are not assigned

; Reinickendorf

Locality	Area in km²	Population as of 2008	Density inhabitants per km²	Map
Reinickendorf	10.50	72,859	6,939
Tegel	33.70	33,417	992
Konradshöhe	2.20	5,997	2,726
Heiligensee	10.70	17,641	1,649
Frohnau	7.80	17,025	2,183
Hermsdorf	6.10	16,503	2,705
Waidmannslust	2.30	10,022	4,357
Lübars	5.00	4,915	983
Wittenau	5.87	22,696	3,866
Märkisches Viertel	3.20	35,206	11,002
Borsigwalde	2.03	6,432	3,168