Bithynia (gastropod)
Bithynia is a genus of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Bithyniidae.
The diploid chromosome number of Bithynia sp. from Egypt is 2n=32.
Distribution
Lake Skadar with five species of Bithynia is a biodiversity hotspot of Bithynia evolution.Species
Glöer recognized four subgenera Bithynia, Codiella, Neumayria and Parafossarulus within European species. He reassigned two European extinct species of Parafossarulus into a subgenus of the genus Bithynia, but the genus Parafossarulus is generally accepted for the Asian species. The subgenus Digoniostoma is also recognized for Asian species.Subgenera and species within the genus Bithynia include:
Subgenus Bithynia Leach, 1818
Subgenus Codiella Locard, 1894Bithynia leachii Bithynia transsilvanica - synonym: Bithynia troschelii
Subgenus Neumayria De Stefani, 1887
- † Bithynia bavelensis Meijer, 1990
Subgenus Incertae sedisBithynia phialensis Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
Subgenus ?
- † Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
- † Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894 Bithynia boissieri
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
- † Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902 Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007Bithynia cerameopoma Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
- † Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884 Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
- † Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
- † Bithynia cyclostoma Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- † Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
- † Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991 Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981 Bithynia fuchsiana Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia glabra Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008Bithynia italica
- † Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884 Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007
- † Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873 Bithynia lithoglyphoides Bithynia longicornis Benson - in ChinaBithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007 Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909 Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
- † Bithynia minor Locard, 1878 Bithynia misella Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873
- † Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975 Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006Bithynia phialensis
- † Bithynia phrygica
- † Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
- † Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia podarensis
- † Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002 Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981 Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964Bithynia pulchella Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973 Bithynia rubens
- † Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
- † Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
- † Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974 Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865
- † Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894 Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886Bithynia sistanica Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012Bithynia stenothyroides Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
- † Bithynia ungeri
- † Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
- † Bithynia verneuili
- † Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880 Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865Bithynia walkeri Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007
- † Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902
- † Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † Tylopoma bengestiensis
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903: synonym of † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885
- † Bithynia crassitesta : synonym of † Parafossarulus crassitesta
- † Bithynia curta Locard, 1893: synonym of † Bithynia glabra helvetica
- † Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875: synonym of † Bithynia glabra glabra Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939: synonym of Pseudobithynia hamicensis
- † Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria labiata Bithynia leachi : synonym of Bithynia leachii Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862: synonym of Bithynia tentaculata
- † Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola margaritula Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 : synonym of Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904: synonym of Pseudobithynia pentheri Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei
- † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria podwinensis
- † Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola proxima Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853: synonym of Pseudobithynia saulcyi
- † Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877: synonym of † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896
- † Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Neumayria spoliata Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866: synonym of Gangetia uzielliana
- † Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici
- † Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † ''Neumayria vukotinovici''