List of birds of Singapore

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Singapore. The avifauna of Singapore include a total of 450 species, 35 of which have been introduced by humans.
This list's taxonomic treatment and nomenclature follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2023b edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.

Abundance

Very common - found almost all the time in suitable locations
Common - found most of the time in suitable locations
Uncommon - found some of the time
Rare - found several times a year
Very rare - not found every year
Extirpated - used to be found in Singapore, but not any more

Status

Resident - stays throughout the year without known breeding record
Resident breeder - stays throughout the year with known breeding record
Winter visitor - spends months at wintering site
Passage migrant - spends days to weeks at wintering site
Migrant breeder - breeds locally, but winters elsewhere
Non-breeding visitor - can be found throughout the year for days to months, but does not breed locally
Vagrant - not usually found locally
Introduced - either released or escaped birds
Reintroduced - previously extirpated, but has been re-introduced into the wild

Locations

There are many locations for bird watching in Singapore. The habitats include forests, mangroves, rivers, coasts, grasslands, woodlands, marshes, and offshore islands. There are no mountains in Singapore, but there are several hills, i.e., "bukit" in the Malay language.
The house crow is the most successful introduced bird in Singapore. It was originally brought in from Sri Lanka for the purpose of controlling the caterpillar population, but the plan back-fired and instead of attacking the caterpillars, they became a pest. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, crow cullings were common in Singapore and were guided by the Certis CISCO. Crow cullings were discontinued since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Many of the areas were largely cleared for redevelopment, such as Tengah New Town. The expiring leases of Neo Tiew in 2014 were also given to Ministry of Defence restricted area.

Location	Areas	Notes
Admiralty Park
Bedok Reservoir Park
Bidadari Park		Formerly Bidadari Cemetery
Bishan-Ang Mo Kio	Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West, Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park
Bukit Batok Nature Park		A forest near the western part of Singapore with a quarry within.
Bukit Brown Cemetery
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve	Hindhede Nature Park, Hindhede Quarry, Wallace Education Centre and Singapore Quarry
Central Catchment Nature Reserve	MacRitchie Reservoir, Lower Peirce Reservoir, Upper Peirce Reservoir, Upper Seletar Reservoir
Changi	Changi Business Park
Choa Chu Kang Cemetery
Choa Chu Kang Park
Gardens by the Bay
Kranji Dam & Neo Tiew Lane		A dam at north-western Singapore. It is the northern border of the Kranji Reservoir.
Labrador Nature Reserve
Lower Seletar Dam		A mudflat and sandy beach at north-eastern Singapore. It is the northern border of Lower Seletar Reservoir.
Mandai Mudflat		A mudflat at north-western Singapore. It is a feeding ground for migratory waders.
North-eastern Islands	Pulau Tekong, P. Ubin, Coney Island	Only P. Tekong is restricted access
Pasir Ris Park
Pedra Branca		Easternmost end of Singapore strait, restricted access
Punggol Reservoir		A river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It has been converted into a reservoir in 2011 and is now known as Punggol Reservoir. It contains Sengkang Floating Wetland and is beside Sengkang Riverside Park.
Serangoon Reservoir		A river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It has been converted into a reservoir in 2011 and is now known as Serangoon Reservoir. It is beside Lorong Halus Wetland and Punggol grassland.
Singapore Botanic Gardens		Singapore's only UNESCO site containing three lakes.
Southern Islands	Sentosa, Sisters' Is., St. John Is., Lazarus Is., Kusu Is., Jurong Is., P. Hantu, P. Salu, P. Semakau	P. Senang, P. Pawai and P. Sudong are restricted access.
Southern Ridges	Kent Ridge Park, Mount Faber Park and Telok Blangah Hill Park.
Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve	Wetland Centre, Visitor Centre and Kranji Nature Trail	Sungei is Malay for river.
Tampines Eco Green
Tengah
Tuas
West Coast Park
Western Water Catchment	Wrexham, Tengeh Reservoir, Pasir Laba, Peng Kang Hill, Poyan Reservoir, Murai Reservoir, Sarimbun Reservoir, Lim Chu Kang, Neo Tiew, Ama Keng, Jalan Bahar, Nanyang Technological University. Jurong Eco-Garden	Most of it are restricted access including the four reservoirs, except for Nanyang Technological University and Cleantech Park. Bird watchers secretly enter military and live firing premises without getting caught by the security or military warden.

Waterfowl

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Wandering whistling duck - U/IRB - SBG, SBTB, WCP, Marina East, Marina South, P. Punggol
Lesser whistling duck - U/RB - Halus, Jurong Central Park, Kranji Marsh, SBTB, SBG, SBWR, WCP, Yishun, P. Punggol, S. Serangoon
Cotton pygmy-goose - VR/NBV - BAMKP, CCNR, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, SBTB, Seletar East, Marina South, WWC, WCP
Garganey - R/WV - Changi, CCNR, Halus, WWC, SBWR, Tuas, Marina South, Tanah Merah
Northern shoveler - VR/WV - Changi, Halus, WWC, SBWR
Gadwall - VR/V - Punggol , SBWR
Eurasian wigeon - VR/V - Kranji Marsh, SBWR
Northern pintail - VR/WV - SBWR, WWC, Senoko, S. Jurong
Green-winged teal - VR/V - S. Jurong
Tufted duck - V - Changi , Marsiling Park, SBWR/Kranji Marsh

Pheasants, grouse, junglefowl, quails and allies

Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump and have broad, relatively short wings.

Blue-breasted quail - U/RB - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Pasir Ris Farmway, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBWR, Tuas
Red junglefowl - C/RB+IRB -
*Changi District : Pasir Ris, Tampines, Simei, Changi Village, Changi
*Kaki Bukit District : Kaki Bukit, Kampong Ubi
*North East District: Hougang, Serangoon Gardens
*Bukit Timah District: Botanic Gardens, Bukit Timah
*Fort Canning District: Fort Canning, Oxley Road, Dhoby Ghaut
*Gardens by the Bay
*Thomson District: Thomson, MacRitchie Reservoir, Bishan Park, Bishan, Ang Mo Kio
*Chinatown District: Chinatown, Amoy Street
*Ayer Rajah District: Clementi, Singapore Polytechnic, Science Park, Alexandra Hospital, Henderson, Kim Tian, Kampong Bahru, Labrador Park
*Bukit Panjang District: Bukit Panjang

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Little grebe - VR/RB - Halus, Rasir Ris Farmway, P. Ubin, KRP, Kranji Marsh, P. Punggol, Punggol, Singapore Quarry, Tampines Quarry

Pigeons

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae
Pigeons are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Rock pigeon - VC/IRB - urban areas
Oriental turtle-dove - VR/V - LNR, Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, Rower's Bay, Sisters' Is.
Red collared-dove - U/IRB - Admiralty Park, Changi, Halus, NTL, PRP, P. Punggol, P. Ubin
Spotted dove - VC/RB - urban areas
Asian emerald dove - U/RB - Admiralty Park, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, SBWR
Zebra dove - VC/RB - urban areas
Little green-pigeon - Ex/R + VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, Punggol 17th Ave
Pink-necked green-pigeon - C/RB - woodlands
Cinnamon-headed green-pigeon - R/NBV - CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, TEG
Orange-breasted green-pigeon - VR/NBV - JLG
Thick-billed green-pigeon - U/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Springleaf, St. John Is., Sentosa, Marina South
Jambu fruit-dove - U/NBV - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, DFNP, JLG, Kranji Marsh, KRP, MFP, P. Punggol, SBG
Green imperial-pigeon - U/RB - BBNP, CBP, Halus, Loyang, PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong
Mountain imperial-pigeon - VR/V - P. Ubin
Pied imperial-pigeon - R/NBV + C/IRB - NBV: P. Salu, Singapore Strait, Southern Islands; IRB: BBNP, Bt Batok West, JLG, LNR, WWC, PRP, Tuas, WCP

Cuckoos

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Greater coucal - U/RB - woodlands: CCNR, Halus, Mandai, NTL, WWC, PRP, SBG, SBWR, TBHP, Venus Drive
Lesser coucal - C/RB - grasslands
Chestnut-bellied malkoha - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JEG, Mandai, WWC, TBHP
Chestnut-winged cuckoo - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, SBTB, Halus, JEG, JLG, WWC, PRP, P. Punggol, Simpang, SBG, SBWR, Tengah, TEG, Tuas, Khatib Bongsu, Marina South
Pied cuckoo - VR/V - Halus
Asian koel - C/RBWV - Islandwide
Asian emerald cuckoo - VR/V - JLG, P. Ubin, Sentosa, Ulu Pandan
Violet cuckoo - U/RBWV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JEG, Mandai, NTL, PRP, WWC, P. Ubin, SBG, Simpang, Springleaf, Tengah
Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo - R/WV - Changi Beach, CCKC, Halus, Kranji, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, Punggol, Sentosa, Tuas, Marina East, Marina South
Little bronze-cuckoo - C/RB - woodlands
Banded bay cuckoo - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Ubin, SBWR
Plaintive cuckoo - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, WWC, PRP, Punggol, SBWR, Tampines, Tuas
Brush cuckoo - U/RB - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, NTL, WWC, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, Khatib Bongsu
Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo - U/RBWV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, Mandai, NTL, PRP, WWC, SBG, SBWR
Large hawk-cuckoo - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, JLG, P. Punggol, PRP, Sentosa, Tuas, Khatib Bongsu
Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, CCKC, Coney Is., JLG, Kusu Is., Mandai, PRP, WWC, P. Punggol, Sembawang, Tuas
Malaysian hawk-cuckoo - R/NBV - BAMKP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, JLG, WWC, SBWR
Indian cuckoo - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, JLG, Mandai, MFP, NTL, WWC, P. Punggol, SBG, SBWR, Sembawang, Sentosa, Tuas
Himalayan cuckoo - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, Coney Is., JLG, Tuas

Nightjars and allies

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

Malaysian eared-nightjar - Ex/R - BBNP, CCNR
Grey nightjar - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, JLG, SBWR, TBHP
Large-tailed nightjar - C/RB - woodlands
Savanna nightjar - U/RB - grasslands: Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Ubin, Punggol, Seletar East, TEG, Tuas

Swifts

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Silver-rumped needletail - VR/NBV - CCNR, Changi, WWC
White-throated needletail - VR/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Henderson Waves
Silver-backed needletail - R/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Henderson Waves
Brown-backed needletail - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Henderson Waves, Marina East, P. Ubin
Plume-toed swiftlet - U/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Henderson Waves, MFP, SBG
Black-nest swiftlet - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands
Germain's swiftlet - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands
Common swift - VR/V - CCNR, Henderson Waves
Pacific swift - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, KRP, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, Tuas
House swift - U/RB - Buangkok, Changi, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, Henderson Waves, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Tuas
Asian palm-swift - U/RB - BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Halus, KRP, WWC, P. Ubin

Treeswifts

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Hemiprocnidae
The treeswifts, also called crested swifts, are closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage.

Grey-rumped treeswift - U/RB - BAMKP, BBNP, Bidadari, CCNR, KRP, Mandai, SBG, TBHP
Whiskered treeswift - Ex/RB + VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, Dairy Farm

Rails, gallinules and coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Slaty-breasted rail - U/RB - tall grass areas
Eurasian moorhen - U/RB - BAMKP, Halus, Kranji Marsh, Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, Marina East, One-North, WWC, SBG, WCP, Marina South, P. Punggol, Serangoon
Eurasian coot - VR/V - WWC
Black-backed swamphen - VR/NBV - CBP, Kranji Marsh
Grey-headed swamphen - R/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, Neo Tiew, WWC, TEG
Watercock - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong East, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, WWC, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, Khatib Bongsu, Marina South
White-breasted waterhen - C/RBWV - islandwide
White-browed crake - U/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, SBWR, Punggol
Red-legged crake - U/RBWV - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, MFP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR
Slaty-legged crake - VR/WVPM - Admiralty Park, Bedok, Haig Road, Jurong Is., JLG, LPR, Punggol, Sentosa
Ruddy-breasted crake - U/RBWV - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, Marina East, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tampines, Tuas, Marina South
Band-bellied crake - VR/PM - Bedok, CCNR, JLG, Lor Lada Hitam, SBG, Venus Drive
Baillon's crake - R/WVPM - Bt. Batok, Halus, Marina East, NTL, SBTB, Tampines, Tuas, P. Punggol

Finfoots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

Masked finfoot - V - SBWR, USR

Thick-knees

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Beach thick-knee - Ex/R - Southern Islands

Stilts and avocets

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Black-winged stilt - VR/WV + VR/RB - WVPM: Changi, JLG, Kranji Marsh, LSD, Marina East, SBWR, Tuas, P. Punggol. RB: P. Tekong
Pied stilt - VR/RB+NBV - Marina East, P. Tekong, Seletar Dam

Plovers and lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Black-bellied plover - U/WVPM - Changi, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
Pacific golden-plover - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats, open areas
Grey-headed lapwing - R/WVPM - Holland Plain, Marina East, NTL, SBG, SBWR, Tuas
Red-wattled lapwing - U/RB - Bukit Batok West, Changi, Kranji, Marina East, Neo Tiew, Kranji, Marina East, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, WWC, Tuas, Warren
Masked lapwing - U/IRB - Marina East, Seletar West, Sungei Bedok
Tibetan sand-plover - C/WV - Seletar Dam, SBWR, Mandai Mudflat, Ubin, Marina East and Pulau Punggol
Greater sand-plover - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Marina East, SBWR
Malaysian plover - U/RB - Changi, Halus, LSD, Marina East, P. Semakau, Tuas
Kentish plover - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina East, Tuas
White-faced plover - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina East
Javan plover - VR/NBV - Marina East, P. Tekong
Common ringed plover - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR
Little ringed plover - U/WVPM - open areas, rivers, coasts
Oriental plover - VR/PM - Changi, LSD, P. Ubin, Tuas

Painted-snipes

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae
Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

Greater painted-snipe - R/RB - Halus, Jurong Central Park, Jurong West, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, Pasir Ris Farmway, Punggol, Tuas, SBG

Jacanas

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Pheasant-tailed jacana - VR/WV - CCNR, Halus, HNP, Marina East, NTL, SBTB, SBWR

Sandpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Whimbrel - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
Little curlew - VR/V - Tuas
Far Eastern curlew - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR
Eurasian curlew - R/WVPM - Changi, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas
Bar-tailed godwit - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR
Black-tailed godwit - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
Ruddy turnstone - U/WV - Changi, Halus, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
Great knot - R/PM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
Red knot - VR/WV - LSD, P. Ubin, SBWR
Ruff - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR
Broad-billed sandpiper - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
Sharp-tailed sandpiper - R/V - Changi
Curlew sandpiper - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, SBWR
Temminck's stint - VR/PM - S. Jurong, Senoko
Long-toed stint - R/WVPM - Changi, NTL, Pulau Punggol, SBWR, Tuas
Spoon-billed sandpiper - VR/WV - Changi
Red-necked stint - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR
Sanderling - U/WV - Changi, LSD, Marina East, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
Dunlin - VR/PM - Changi, Senoko
Little stint - VR/PM - P. Ubin
Pectoral sandpiper - R/V - Changi
Asian dowitcher - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, P. Ubin, SBWR
Eurasian woodcock - VR/V - Changi, Serangoon
Common snipe - U/WV - Changi, JLG, Halus, WWC, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive, Khatib Bongsu, P. Punggol, Punggol
Pin-tailed snipe - U/WV - Changi, CCKC, Halus, JLG, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas, Warren
Swinhoe's snipe - R/WV - Changi, Jurong West, Punggol, NTL
Terek sandpiper - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
Red-necked phalarope - VR/WV - P. Tekong, Singapore Strait
Common sandpiper - VC/WVPM - waterbodies
Green sandpiper - VR/WV - CCK, Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, NTL, SBWR
Grey-tailed tattler - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR
Spotted redshank - VR/WV - Punggol, SBWR
Common greenshank - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
Nordmann's greenshank - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR
Marsh sandpiper - U/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats
Wood sandpiper - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, SBWR, Tuas
Common redshank - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats

Buttonquail

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

Barred buttonquail - U/RB - Changi, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, NTL, Pasir Ris Farmway, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, TEG, Tuas

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Oriental pratincole - U/PM - CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, Seletar East, Tuas
Small pratincole - VR/PM - ''Changi, P. Punggol''

Skuas and jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Pomarine jaeger - VR/V - Singapore Strait
Parasitic jaeger - R/WV - P. Punggol, Singapore Strait
Long-tailed jaeger - VR/V - Singapore Strait

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Black-headed gull - R/WV - LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
Brown-headed gull - VR/V - Johor Strait, Kranji
Lesser black-backed gull - VR/V - Singapore Strait
Bridled tern - U/RB, C/PM - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait
Aleutian tern - U/WV - Singapore Strait
Little tern - C/RBWV - inland, rivers, coasts, seas
Gull-billed tern - R/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, Singapore Strait
Caspian tern - R/WV - Mandai Mudflat
White-winged tern - U/WVPM - rivers, coasts, seas
Whiskered tern - R/WVPM - Halus, Johor Strait, JLG, Kranji Dam, Serangoon, Singapore Strait
Roseate tern - VR/V - Pedra Branca
Black-naped tern - U/RB - Changi, Johor Strait, Pedra Branca, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
Common tern - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Mandai Mudflat, Singapore Strait
Great crested tern - C/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait
Lesser crested tern - U/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Punggol, Singapore Strait

Tropicbirds

Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Red-billed tropicbird - VR/V - S. Serangoon
White-tailed tropicbird - VR/V - Tuas

Northern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

Swinhoe's storm-petrel - C/PM - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Bulwer's petrel - R/PM - Singapore Strait
Short-tailed shearwater - U/PM - Singapore Strait
Wedge-tailed shearwater - VR/V - BAMKP

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Asian openbill - R/NBV - islandwide
Lesser adjutant - U/RB, R/NBV - Kranji Marsh, P. Ubin, SBWR, WWC
Milky stork - U/IRB - Admiralty Park, JLG, SBWR
Painted stork - U/IRB - Admiralty Park, JLG, SBWR

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Lesser frigatebird - VR/NBV - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait
Christmas Island frigatebird - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, SBWR

Boobies and gannets

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Brown booby - VR/V - Pedra Branca, SBWR, Singapore Strait
Red-footed booby - VR/V - CCKC, Henderson Waves, Singapore Strait, St. John Is., Marina East

Anhingas

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae
Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

Oriental darter - R/NBV - Bt. Gombak, Hindhede Quarry, P. Ubin, Singapore Quarry, SBWR

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

Great cormorant - U/F - Changi, JLG, Johor Strait, Kranji Dam, Mandai Mudflat, Tuas

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Yellow bittern - C/RB+WV - reeds
Schrenck's bittern - R/WV - CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, Jurong West, PRP, Punggol, Sengkang, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive
Cinnamon bittern - U/RB+WV - Bidadari, CCKC, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, Jurong West, P. Punggol, Seletar West
Black bittern - U/WV - BAMKP, CCNR, DFNP, Hindhede Quarry, JEG, JLG, Halus, PRP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas
Grey heron - C/RB - waterbodies
Great-billed heron - U/RB - Changi, Coney Is., Jurong Is., JLG, LNR, LSD, KRP, WWC, P. Hantu, P. Jong, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBWR, WCP, Tuas
Purple heron - C/RB - grassfields, waterbodies
Great egret - C/WV - waterbodies
Medium egret - C/WV - grassfields, waterbodies
Chinese egret - R/WV - Changi, PRP, P. Ubin, SBWR, S. Serangoon
Little egret - C/WV - waterbodies
Pacific reef-heron - U/R - Changi, LSD, Marina East, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, PRP, Siglap Canal, SBWR, WCP, S. Punggol, S. Serangoon
Eastern cattle egret - C/WV - grassfields
Indian pond-heron - VR/V - Bidadari, Dover Road, Holland Plain, Jurong Lake, Pasir Ris Farmway, Punggol, S. Bedok
Chinese pond-heron - C/WV - Changi, Halus, JLG, LNR, WWC, SBWR, Marina South
Javan pond-heron - U/WV - BAMKP, Marina East, Pasir Ris Farmway, SBWR, S. Serangoon
Striated heron - C/RBWV - waterbodies
Black-crowned night-heron - U/RB - waterbodies
Malayan night-heron - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Halus, JLG, NTL, SBG, Tuas

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Glossy ibis - VR/V - Halus, Kranji Dam, Sime Road, SBWR
Black-headed ibis - VR/V - SBWR

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Osprey - U/NBV - Changi, DFNP, Halus, Henderson Waves, Kranji, Mandai Mudflat, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sembawang Park, S. Punggol, S. Serangoon

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Black-winged kite - C/RB - grasslands
Oriental honey-buzzard - orientalis: C/WVPM, torquatus: U/NBV
Jerdon's baza - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, Bidadari, BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Clementi, DFNP, Halus, JLG, PRP, WWC, Springleaf, TEG, Marina South
Black baza - C/WVPM - islandwide
Cinereous vulture - VR/V - SBG
Himalayan griffon - R/V - AMK, BBNP, BTNR, Central Business District, Changi, HNP, Orchard Road, SBG, Toa Payoh, Tuas
Crested serpent-eagle - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, Goldhill Avenue, JLG, Malcolm Park, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sembawang Park, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR
Short-toed snake-eagle - V - CCNR, Changi, JLG, Halus, NTL, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas
Bat hawk - VR/NBV - Kranji, MacRitchie, MFP
Changeable hawk-eagle - U/RB - forests, woodlands
Rufous-bellied eagle - R/WVPM - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Pang Sua, SBG, SBWR, Swiss Club Road
Greater spotted eagle - VR/WV - Changi, Henderson Waves, WWC, NTL, P. Punggol, SBG, Tuas
Booted eagle - U/WV - Bidadari, Bt. Panjang, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, WWC, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tuas
Steppe eagle - VR/V - Changi, Pasir Ris, Halus, Tuas, Punggol, S. Serangoon
Eastern imperial eagle - VR/V - Changi, P. Ubin, Punggol
Grey-faced buzzard - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas
Eastern marsh-harrier - U/WV - Changi, Henderson Waves, NTL, WWC, P. Semakau, Sengkang, SBWR, Tuas
Hen harrier - VR/WV - Halus, WWC
Pied harrier - R/WV - Changi, NTL, P. Punggol, SBWR, TBHP, Tuas
Crested goshawk - U/RB - AMK TGW, BAMKP, Bedok, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Goldhill Ave, JLG, Kranji Dam, NTL, PRP, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Southern Ridges, Zoo
Shikra - VR/V - CCNR, Changi
Chinese sparrowhawk - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, CCNR, Changi, Coney Is., JLG, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas, WCP
Japanese sparrowhawk - C/WVPM - islandwide
Besra - R/PM - CCNR, Changi, Singapore Quarry, Southern Ridges, Tuas
Eurasian sparrowhawk - VR/V - Henderson Waves, Pasir Panjang, TBHP, Tuas
Black kite - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Jurong West, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Seletar Camp, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas, Marina South
Brahminy kite - C/RB - islandwide
White-bellied sea-eagle - C/RB - islandwide near water
Grey-headed fish-eagle - U/RB - CCNR, Changi, JLG, Little Guilin, LSR, NTL, WWC, Seletar Camp, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tampines
Common buzzard - U/WV
Himalayan buzzard - R/WV
Eastern buzzard - U/WV
Long-legged buzzard - VR/V

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Eastern barn owl - U/RB - Changi, Halus, Istana, JLG, Kranji Dam, Marina Barrage, Sentosa, Tanjong Rhu, Toa Payoh, Tuas

Typical owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Collared scops-owl - C/RB - Alexandra Hill, BBC, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, HNP, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sentosa
Oriental scops-owl - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCKP, CCNR, DFNP, Fort Canning, Kent Road, KRP, Mimosa Walk, MFP, P. Ubin, Seletar Country Club, SBWR
Barred eagle-owl - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin
Buffy fish-owl - U/RB - CCNR, JEG, NTL, WWC, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa
Spotted wood-owl - U/RB - Bidadari, Chinatown, City, Dover Road, JLG, PRP, P. Ubin, WWC, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, TBHP, Toa Payoh
Brown wood-owl - VR/RB - CCNR, P. Ubin
Long-eared owl - VR/V - Marina East
Short-eared owl - VR/V - Changi, Marina East
Brown boobook - C/RBWV - BTNR, CCNR, HNP, JLG, P. Ubin, Sentosa
Northern boobook - R/PMWV - DFNP, PRP, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas

Hornbills

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Bucerotidae
Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured.

Rhinoceros hornbill - VR/NBV - SBWR
Black hornbill - VR/NBV - P. Ubin
Oriental pied hornbill - C/IRB+RB - BAMKP, Bidadari, CCNR, Changi Village, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, ''St. John Is.''

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Common kingfisher - C/WV - water edges
Blue-eared kingfisher - R/RB - BBNP, CCNR, HNP, NTL, WWC, P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR
Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, SBWR, Tuas
Rufous-backed dwarf-kingfisher - VR/NBV - KRP, Peninsula Plaza, P. Tekong, WWC
Stork-billed kingfisher - U/RB - water edges
Ruddy kingfisher - R/RBWV - RB: P. Tekong. WV: Bidadari, CBP, CCNR, City, DFNP, Fort Canning, JLG, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Venus Drive
White-throated kingfisher - C/RB - water edges
Black-capped kingfisher - U/WV - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, LSD, NTL, PRP, SBWR, S. Serangoon, Tuas
Collared kingfisher - VC/RB - water edges

Bee-eaters

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

Blue-throated bee-eater - C/MB - islandwide
Blue-tailed bee-eater - C/WV - islandwide

Rollers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Dollarbird - C/RB+WV - woodlands

Asian barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Megalaimidae
The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured.

Coppersmith barbet - C/RB - woodlands
Red-crowned barbet - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, WWC
Lineated barbet - C/IRB - woodlands

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Sunda pygmy woodpecker - VC/RB - parks
Rufous woodpecker - U/RB - woodlands
Buff-rumped woodpecker - VR/NBV - Bidadari, CCNR, P. Ubin
Common flameback - C/RB - woodlands
Greater flameback - VR/NBV - P. Ubin
Crimson-winged woodpecker - VR/NBV - BTNR
Laced woodpecker - C/RB - woodlands
Banded woodpecker - C/RB - forests
Great slaty woodpecker - VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR, SBG, Ulu Sembawang
White-bellied woodpecker - Ex/R - ''CCNR''

Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Black-thighed falconet - VR/NBV - Goldhill Avenue, Jalan Mashhor, Punggol, Yishun, CCNR, Sembawang.
Lesser kestrel - VR/WV - Changi, Simei
Eurasian kestrel - R/WV - Bt. Batok West, Changi, CCKC, JLG, Kranji, KRP, P. Punggol, Tuas, Jurong West
Amur falcon - VR/V - Changi, Halus, LSD, Tanah Merah Coast Road
Eurasian hobby - VR/V - Henderson Waves
Peregrine falcon - U/WV, R/RB - islandwide including Raffles Place & Orchard Rd

Cockatoos

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Cacatuidae
The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest.

Tanimbar corella - C/IRB - Bidadari, BBNP, Changi Village, LNR, Malcolm Park, MFP, PRP SBG, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Springleaf
Yellow-crested cockatoo - U/IRB - Bidadari, BAMKP, Changi Village, Clementi, Dover Road, LNR, Malcolm Park, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges
Sulphur-crested cockatoo - U/IR - Loyang, Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges

Old world parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Blue-rumped parrot - U/RB - Bt. Batok West, CCNR
Rose-ringed parakeet - C/IRB - woodlands
Red-breasted parakeet - C/IRB - woodlands
Long-tailed parakeet - C/RB - woodlands
Coconut lorikeet - U/IRB - BAMKP, BBC, Bidadari, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Goldhill Ave, JLG, SBG, Sentosa
Blue-crowned hanging-parrot - C/RB - BAMKP, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, Malcolm Park, MFP, SBG

African and green broadbills

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calyptomenidae
The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.

Green broadbill - VR/NBV - East Coast Park, P. Ubin

Asian and Grauer’s broadbills

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Eurylaimidae
The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests.

Black-and-red broadbill - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, SBWR

Pittas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae
Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.

Blue-winged pitta - U/WVPM+R/RB - WVPM: Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, Bt. Batok West, CCNR, Hougang, Jurong Is., JLG, NTL, PRP, WWC, Punggol Park, SBG, Sembawang Park, Tuas, WCP, Kranji Nature Trail. RB: P. Ubin
Fairy pitta - VR/V - CCNR, HNP
Western hooded pitta - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, JLG, SBG, Tampines, WCP
Mangrove pitta - R/RB - PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong, SBG, SBWR

Thornbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acanthizidae
Thornbills are small passerine birds, similar in habits to the tits.

Golden-bellied gerygone - C/RB - woodlands

Cuckooshrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae
The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

Scarlet minivet - Ex/R + VR/R - BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin
Ashy minivet - C/WV - woodlands
Pied triller - VC/RB - woodlands
Lesser cuckooshrike - Ex/R - BTNR

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae
The family Vireonidae includes the vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis.

White-bellied erpornis - VR/NBV - BTNR

Whistlers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pachycephalidae
The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis.

Mangrove whistler - R/RB - Changi, JEG, LNR, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR

Old World orioles

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

Black-naped oriole - C/RB + R/WV - parks, woodlands, mangroves

Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vangidae
The family Vangidae is highly variable, though most members of it resemble true shrikes to some degree.

Large woodshrike - VR/NBV - CCNR, P. Ubin
Black-winged flycatcher-shrike - VR/NBV - CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin

Ioras

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithinidae
The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens.

Common iora - VC/RB - woodlands

Fantails

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhipiduridae
The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders.

Malaysian pied-fantail - C/RB - woodlands, mangroves

Drongos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

Black drongo - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, WWC, Punggol, SBWR, Seletar, Tuas
Ashy drongo - R/WV - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, CBP, MFP, NTU, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, SBG, TBHP, Ulu Pandan
Crow-billed drongo - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Fort Canning, Halus, LNR, MFP, NTL, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, St. John Is., Tuas
Hair-crested drongo - VR/V - CBP
Greater racket-tailed drongo - C/RB - forests

Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.

Black-naped monarch - VR/R - CCNR, Clementi Woods, JLG, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG
Black paradise-flycatcher - R/PM - BAMKP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is. DFNP, JLG, Kranji Marsh, LNR, PRP, P. Hantu, SBWR, TBHP, TEG, Tuas
Amur paradise-flycatcher - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands
Blyth's paradise-flycatcher - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands
Indian paradise-flycatcher - VR/V - JLG, SBWR

Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

Tiger shrike - C/WVPM - woodlands
Brown shrike - C/WVPM - grasslands, woodlands
Long-tailed shrike - C/RB - grasslands

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Black magpie - VR/NBV - HNP
House crow - VC/IRB - islandwide
Large-billed crow - U/RB - forested areas

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Japanese tit - VR/V - Coney Is., JLG, LNR, PRP, Tuas

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Eurasian skylark - VR/V - Pandan Reservoir

Cisticolas and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

Common tailorbird - C/RB - scrubby areas
Dark-necked tailorbird - C/RB - forests
Ashy tailorbird - C/RB - mangroves
Rufous-tailed tailorbird - U/RB - forests
Yellow-bellied prinia - C/RB - grasslands
Zitting cisticola - C/RB - grasslands

Reed warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Booted warbler - VR/V - Kranji Marsh
Black-browed reed warbler - U/WV - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Punggol, SFW, SBWR, Tuas, Marina South
Oriental reed warbler - C/WV - marshes, woodlands near water

Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Pallas's grasshopper-warbler - U/WVPM - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, JLG, Marina East, NTL, Pasir Ris Farmway, SFW, Tuas
Lanceolated warbler - U/WVPM - Halus, KRP, Marina East, MFP, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SFW, Tuas

Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Bank swallow - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSD, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol
Barn swallow - VC/WVPM - islandwide
Pacific swallow - C/RB - islandwide
Red-rumped swallow - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Henderson Waves, LSD, Marina East, WWC, Punggol, TEG, Tuas
Siberian house-martin - VR/V - Marina East, NTL
Asian house-martin - R/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, NTL, Southern Ridges

Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

Black-and-white bulbul - VR/NBV - CCNR, P. Ubin
Black-headed bulbul - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, PRP
Black-crested bulbul - R/IR - BTNR
Straw-headed bulbul - U/RB - BBC, BBNP, BTNR, Choa Chu Kang, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, NTL, WWC, P. Ubin
Red-whiskered bulbul - C/IRB - Changi, Halus, JLG, Marina East, WWC, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Saddle Club, SBG, Sentosa, S. Serangoon
Sooty-headed bulbul - U/IRB - BAMKP, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, PRP, Punggol, S. Serangoon, TEG
Stripe-throated bulbul - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, USR
Yellow-vented bulbul - VC/RB - parks
Olive-winged bulbul - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Hantu, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR
Cream-vented bulbul - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR
Red-eyed bulbul - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP
Buff-vented bulbul - VR/NBV - BTNR
Cinereous bulbul - R/NBV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, KRP, Lazarus Is., NTL, P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR, TBHP, Tuas, Marina South
Streaked bulbul - R/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, Central Catchment, Changi Village, KRP, SBWR, Tuas

Leaf warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

Yellow-browed warbler - R/WVPM - BBNP, BTNR, Bidadari, CBP, CCNR, DFNP, NTL, P. Hantu, SBTB, SBWR, Sentosa, Southern Ridges
Dusky warbler - VR/PM - CBP, Marina East, SBWR, Tuas, Yishun Pond
Eastern crowned warbler - U/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, DFNP, PRP, SBWR, York Road
Two-barred warbler - VR/V - Kent Vale
Pale-legged leaf warbler - VR/V - CCNR
Sakhalin leaf warbler - R/WV - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, PRP, Rail Corridor, SBG, SBWR, WCP
Arctic warbler - C/WVPM - parks, woodlands

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye.

Swinhoe's white-eye - C/rIRB - woodlands

Tree-babblers, scimitar-babblers, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Timaliidae
The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage.

Pin-striped tit-babbler - C/RB - forested areas
Chestnut-winged babbler - U/RB - CCNR

Ground babblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pellorneidae
These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus Illadopsis are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands.

Moustached babbler - Ex/RB - CCNR
Short-tailed babbler - C/RB - CCNR
White-chested babbler - Ex/RB, VR/NBV - P. Ubin, Pasir Ris Farmway, CCNR, P. Tekong, SBWR, Turut Track
Abbott's babbler - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, JEG, NTL, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBG, SBWR, WCPR

Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.

White-crested laughingthrush - C/IRB - forests
Chinese hwamei - R/IRB - Bt. Gombak, Sentosa, ''KRP, MFP''

Nuthatches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Velvet-fronted nuthatch - VR/NBV - BTNR

Starlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Asian glossy starling - VC/RB - islandwide
Common hill myna - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR, SBG,
European starling - VR/V - Marina East Dr
Rosy starling - R/WV - Changi, GBTB, Halus, KRP, Marina East, St. John Island, Tuas, WCP
Daurian starling - VC/WVPM - woodlands
Chestnut-cheeked starling - VR/V - Bidadari, Dover, Loyang, Henderson Waves, JLG, Turf City, Ulu Pandan
Siamese pied starling - R/I - NTL, S. Tengah, Changi
White-shouldered starling - U/WVPM - Changi, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, KRP, Punggol, Seletar, Simei, TEG, Tuas
Brahminy starling - VR/V - Bidadari, JLG, Marina East, P. Punggol
Red-billed starling - VR/PM - Dempsey Hill, SBTB, SBWR, TEG, Turut Track
White-cheeked starling - VR/V - Seletar End
Common myna - C/RB - islandwide
Black-winged starling - Ex/IRB
Javan myna - VC/IRB - islandwide
Crested myna - '''Ex/IR'''

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Siberian thrush - R/PM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, KRP, JLG, Sentosa, Tuas
Orange-headed thrush - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is., DFNP, HNP, SBG, WCP
Chinese blackbird - VR/V - JLG
Eyebrowed thrush - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, NTL, P. Ubin, SBG, TBHP, Tuas
White’s thrush - VR/V - SBG

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Grey-streaked flycatcher - VR/PM - Sembawang
Dark-sided flycatcher - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, NTL, SBG, Southern Ridges
Ferruginous flycatcher - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, JLG, SBG
Asian brown flycatcher - C/WVPM - woodlands
Brown-breasted flycatcher - VR/V - Dairy Farm, TBHP, Punggol Park
Brown-streaked flycatcher - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, CCKP, CCNR, JLG, MFP, PRP, SBWR
Spotted flycatcher - VR/V - KRP
Oriental magpie-robin - U/RB - woodlands
White-rumped shama - R/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, MFP, WWC, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR
Chinese blue flycatcher - VR/PM - Bidadari, CCNR, JLG, SBWR
Mangrove blue flycatcher - VR/RB - Bidadari, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR
Brown-chested jungle-flycatcher - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCKP, CCNR, DFNP, Jurong Is., JLG, Punggol Park, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, St John Is., TEG, Tuas
Blue-and-white flycatcher - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Sentosa
Zappey's flycatcher - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JLG, KRP, SBG, TEG, Tuas
Verditer flycatcher - VR/NBV - DFNP
Siberian blue robin - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, Punggol Park, SBG, SBWR
Yellow-rumped flycatcher - C/PM - woodlands, forests
Green-backed flycatcher - R/WVPM - BAMKP, Bidadari, CCNR, KRP, NTL, Tuas, Khatib Bongsu, Marina South
Narcissus flycatcher - VR/PM - Bidadari, DFNP
Mugimaki flycatcher - U/PM - AMKTGW, Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, KRP, MFP, PRP, Sentosa, Tuas
Taiga flycatcher - VR/V - Labrador Nature Reserve, SBG, WCP
Black redstart - VR/V - Jambol Walk
Daurian redstart - R/V - SBTB, Cashew Road, SBG, NUS
White-throated rock-thrush - VR/WVPM - BTNR
Blue rock-thrush - R/PM - Ascentia Sky, BTNR, Labrador Villa Road, Marina Barrage, Pinnacle@Duxton, Sentosa, Tuas
Siberian stonechat - R/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, WWC, P. Punggol, Tuas, Warren, Marina South, ''Punggol''

Flowerpeckers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicaeidae
The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues.

Scarlet-breasted flowerpecker - VR/NBV - BTNR, P. Ubin
Thick-billed flowerpecker - VR/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP
Yellow-vented flowerpecker - VR/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP
Orange-bellied flowerpecker - C/RB - forests
Scarlet-backed flowerpecker - C/RB - parks

Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nectariniidae
The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.

Ruby-cheeked sunbird - VR/R - CCNR, P. Ubin, SBWR
Plain sunbird - VR/R - CCNR, Senoko
Brown-throated sunbird - C/RB - parks
Van Hasselt's sunbird - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin
Copper-throated sunbird - U/RB - BBNP, P. Ubin, SBWR
Ornate sunbird - VC/RB - parks
Crimson sunbird - C/RB - parks, forests
Thick-billed spiderhunter - Ex/R + VR/R - BTNR, CCNR
Little spiderhunter - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Mandai, P. Ubin
Yellow-eared spiderhunter - Ex/R + VR/V - ''BTNR, CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin''

Fairy-bluebirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Irenidae
The fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green.

Asian fairy-bluebird - U/RB - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP

Leafbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Chloropseidae
The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows.

Greater green leafbird - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP
Lesser green leafbird - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin
Blue-winged leafbird - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP

Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

Golden-backed weaver - U/IRB - Coney Is., Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol
Streaked weaver - R/IRB - Halus, SBWR, Khatib Bongsu, Sg. Serangoon
Baya weaver - U/RB - grasslands

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

Orange-cheeked waxbill - U/IRB - BAMKP, Coney Is., JLG, NTL, P. Punggol, S. Pandan, SBTB
Common waxbill - U/IRB - Coney Is., Halus, JLG, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBWR
Red avadavat - R/IRB - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, Tuas, Marina South, Punggol
White-rumped munia - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, NTL, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, Tuas, Telok Blangah
Javan munia - U/IRB - Bidadari, Halus, Hort Park, Marina East, WWC, SBTB, Serangoon Reservoir, SBWR, BAMKP
Scaly-breasted munia - C/RB - grasslands
Chestnut munia - U/RB - grasslands
White-capped munia - Ex/IR - grasslands
White-headed munia - U/RB - grasslands

Indigobirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae
The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches.

Pin-tailed whydah - R/I - Changi, Pasir Ris Farmway, P. Punggol, Tuas

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

House sparrow - VR/IRB - Jurong Is.
Eurasian tree sparrow - VC/RB - urban areas

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Forest wagtail - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Central Park, Mandai, P. Ubin, Sembawang, Simpang, Tengah, SBWR, Yishun
Grey wagtail - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BAMKP, Bedok, Bt Batok, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Changi, JLG, Marsiling Park, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Sembawang, Simpang, Tengah, Yishun
Eastern yellow wagtail - C/WV - Bidadari, Changi, Halus, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, Sembawang, Yishun
Citrine wagtail - VR/WV - NTL, Punggol, Tuas
White wagtail - U/WV - BAMKP, BBC, Buona Vista, Changi, Jurong West, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBG, TEG, Yishun
Paddyfield pipit - C/RB - grass fields
Tree pipit - VR/V - Ulu Pandan
Olive-backed pipit - VR/PM - Bidadari
Red-throated pipit - R/WV - Changi, NTL, P. Punggol, Pasir Ris Farmway, Seletar East, Sembawang, Tuas

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae
This is a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with generally stout conical bills.

Yellow-fronted canary - U/IR - BAMKP, Changi, JLG, Kusu Is., Lazarus Is., Marina East, Mt. Faber, St. John Is.

Old World buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae
They are seed-eating birds with stubby conical bills. There is only one genus in this family.

Yellow-breasted bunting - VR/WV - ''Marina East''