International Convention Center (Jerusalem)
The International Convention Center, commonly known as Binyanei HaUma, is a concert hall and convention center in Giv'at Ram in Jerusalem, Israel.
History
Binyanei Ha'Uma was first envisioned by Alexander Ezer and planned by architect Zeev Rechter who won the design competition in 1949.The complex was under construction from 1950 to 1963. In 1953, it was the site of Israel's first international exhibition, the Conquest of the Desert. In 1951, the Twenty-third Zionist Congress, conducted by the World Zionist Organization, convened at the center, which was far from completion.
The period of economic difficulty and austerity in the first decade of Israeli independence led to frequent disruption in construction due to lack of funds, and the project was sometimes disparagingly called Hirbet HaUma, the National Ruin. Rechter's design was a solid structure faced in Jerusalem stone. Instead of a monumental relief by artists Joseph Zaritsky and Yitzhak Danziger as originally planned, the facade was covered with azure-coloured glass panels.
Capacity and functions
Located opposite the Jerusalem Central Bus Station at the western entrance to town, the centre houses 27 halls capable of seating over 10,000 people, and is a member of the International Association of Convention Centres and ICCA and conforms to their international standards. Its largest hall, the Menachem Ussishkin auditorium, seats 3,104. In all, of exhibit space extend over two levels and ten display areas.Binyanei Ha'Uma is the home of the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra. The complex has hosted many international events, among them the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 and Eurovision Song Contest 1999. From 1963 to 2014, it was the site of the Jerusalem International Book Fair. The trial of John Demjanjuk was held there.
Development plans
Plans are being discussed to enlarge the ICC by, doubling of the parking space, adding three office towers, commercial space and a hotel.Cultural references
The Center serves as a historical setting in Robert J. Sawyer's 1997 novel Frameshift. It serves as a post-World War II venue for a war crimes trial, in which a Nazi camp guard is prosecuted for atrocities against the Jewish prisoners.Archaeology
Excavations conducted near the International Convention Center uncovered a large industrial pottery production site active from the late 2nd century BCE through the 2nd century CE. During the Second Temple period, it was the largest known pottery manufacturing center in the Jerusalem area, supplying cooking and storage vessels to the city's Jewish population and pilgrims. The site featured independent workshops, ritual baths, and kilns, with production continuing on a reduced scale even after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE under Roman oversight by the Tenth Legion.Among the finds was a reused column drum bearing a three-line inscription in Hebrew script, dated paleographically to the 1st century BCE. The inscription reads: "Hananiah son of Daidalos/Dodlos from Jerusalem," and, according to its excavators, may represent the earliest known occurrence of the full spelling of Jerusalem —instead of the more common shortened forms YRWŠLM or YRŠLM—in the archaeological record.