Benedetto Marcello


Benedetto Giacomo Marcello was an Italian composer, writer, advocate, magistrate, and teacher.

Life

Born in Venice, Benedetto Marcello was a member of the noble Marcello family and in his compositions, he is frequently referred to anonymously as Patrizio Veneto. Although he was a music student of Antonio Lotti and Francesco Gasparini, his father wanted Benedetto to devote himself to law. Benedetto managed to combine a life in law and public service with one in music. In 1711 he was appointed a member of the Council of Forty, and in 1730 he went to Pola as Provveditore. Due to his health having been "impaired by the climate" of Istria, Marcello retired after eight years in the capacity of Camerlengo to Brescia where he died of tuberculosis in 1739.
Benedetto Marcello was the brother of Alessandro Marcello, also a notable composer. On 20 May 1728 Benedetto Marcello married his singing student Rosanna Scalfi in a secret ceremony. However, as a nobleman, his marriage to a commoner was unlawful; after his death, the marriage was declared null by the state. Rosanna was unable to inherit his estate and filed suit in 1742 against Benedetto's brother Alessandro, seeking financial support.

Music

Marcello composed a variety of music including considerable church music, oratorios, hundreds of solo cantatas, duets, sonatas, concertos and sinfonias. Marcello was a younger contemporary of Antonio Vivaldi in Venice and his instrumental music enjoys a Vivaldian flavour.
As a composer, Marcello was best known in his lifetime and is now still best remembered for his Estro poetico-armonico, a musical setting for voices, figured bass, and occasional solo instruments, of the first fifty Psalms, as paraphrased in Italian by his friend G. Giustiniani. They were much admired by Charles Avison, who with John Garth brought out an edition with English words. Estro poetico-armonico also represents an important contribution to the history of Jewish liturgical music. Eleven of the Psalms are set to melodies that Marcello apparently transcribed while attending services at several Venetian synagogues. The eleven melodies – six from the Ashkenazic tradition, and five from the Sephardic tradition – are among the earliest notated sources of Jewish liturgy, preceded only by Salamone Rossi's Hashirim Asher L’Shlomo. Perhaps the best known of these melodies is an Ashkenazic melody for Ma'oz Tzur.
The library of the Brussels Conservatoire possesses some interesting volumes of chamber cantatas composed by Marcello for his mistress. Although Benedetto Marcello wrote an opera called La Fede riconosciuta and produced it in Vicenza in 1702, he had little sympathy with this form of composition, as evidenced in his writings.
Benedetto Marcello's music is "characterized by imagination and a fine technique and includes both counterpoint and progressive, galant features"..
With the poet Antonio Schinella Conti he wrote a series of experimental long cantatas – a duet, Il Timoteo, then five monologues, Cantone, ''Lucrezia, Andromaca, Arianna abandonnata, and finally Cassandra''.

Writing

Marcello vented his opinions on the state of musical drama at the time in the satirical pamphlet Il teatro alla moda, published anonymously in Venice in 1720. This little work, which was frequently reprinted, is not only extremely amusing, but is most valuable as a contribution to the history of opera.

Legacy

The composer Joachim Raff wrote an opera entitled Benedetto Marcello, based loosely on the life of Marcello and Scalfi.
The Conservatorio di Musica Benedetto Marcello di Venezia was named after him.
A street in Rome, Largo Benedetto Marcello, is named after him.

Works

Vocal music

Oratorios

La Giuditta Joaz Il pianto e il riso delle quattro stagioni dell’anno per la morte, esultazione e coronazione di Maria Assunta in Cielo
  • ''Il trionfo della poesia e della musica nel celebrarsi la morte, e la esultazione, e la incoronazione di Maria sempre Vergine Assunta in Cielo''

Sacred works

Estro poetico-armonico: parafrasi sopra li primi venticinque salmi, 8 volumes

Theater works

La morte d’Adone La gara amorosa Psiché Spago e Filetta Le nozze di Giove e Giunone, 2 versions: Nasce per viver, Questo é ’l giorno Calisto in orsa
  • ''Arianna''

Other vocal works

Canzoni madrigalesche et arie per camera for 2–4 voices op. 4
  • 380 Cantatas for 1 voice and basso continuo, 22 with strings
  • 81 duets for 2 voices and basso continuo, 2 with strings
  • 7 Trios for 3 voices and basso continuo
  • 5 Madrigals for 4–5 voices

Instrumental music

Concerti and sinfonie

  • 12 Concerti a cinque op. 1
  • 5 Concerti for violins, strings and basso continuo
  • Concerto in F major for 2 violins, strings and harpsichord
  • Concerto in D major for flute, strings and harpsichord
  • 7 sinfonias

Sonatas

  • 12 Sonatas for flute and basso continuo op. 2 ; incomplete reprint as op. 1
  • 6 sonatas for cello and basso continuo „op. 1“ ; also as op. 2
  • 6 sonatas for 2 cellos or viole da gamba and basso continuo „op. 2“
  • Sonata in G minor for violin and basso continuo
  • Sonata in B-flat major for cello and basso continuo
  • 4 sonatas for flautino and basso continuo

Harpsichord works

  • 12 sonatas for harpsichord op. 3?
  • 35 sonatas and sonata movements for harpsichord
  • 4 minuets; Suite with 30 Minuets

Selected publications

Fantasia ditirambiva eroicomica Lettera famigliare d’un accademico filarmonico et arcade Sonetti: pianger cercai non già dal pianto onore Il teatro alla moda A. Dio: Sonetti... con altre rime, d’argomento sacro e morale
  • ''Il divino Verbo fatto Uomo, o sia L’universale redenzione''

Selected recordings