Quercus ilicifolia
Quercus ilicifolia, commonly known as bear oak or scrub oak, is a small shrubby oak native to the Eastern United States and, less commonly, in southeastern Canada. Its range in the United States extends from Maine to North Carolina, with reports of a few populations north of the international frontier in Ontario. The name ilicifolia means "holly-leaved".
Description
Quercus ilicifolia is a deciduous tree or shrub growing occasionally reaching a height of 6 meters but usually much smaller. It is gangly and can form a dense thicket. The plant grows from a large taproot, which reach 20 centimeters in thickness. The taproot lives a long time, producing several generations of above ground parts. The alternately arranged leaves are each up to 15 cm in length by 10 cm in width. The species is monoecious with plants bearing both male catkins and solitary or clustered female flowers. The egg-shaped acorn is long with a saucer-shaped cap. The plant reproduces sexually by seed and also vegetatively by sprouting new stems.Distribution and habitat
Quercus ilicifolia is a dominant plant species in a number of regions and habitat types. In Maine, it is found in deciduous forests alongside red maple, gray birch, and quaking aspen. In Massachusetts, it codominates with black huckleberry on the shrublands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. On Cape Cod, it occurs with pitch pine and broom crowberry. It is common in New Jersey's Pine Barrens and the pine barrens of Long Island. It also occurs in fire barrens on granite and gneiss further north in Canada. Quercus ilicifolia is also present in the Piedmont of North Carolina, where it is listed as a state endangered plant.It is an oak that is adapted to disturbance in the habitat, such as wildfire and browsing. As a result, it does not tolerate shade and requires disturbance to remove other plant species so it can receive sunlight. It sprouts prolifically after fire burns away its above ground parts.