Bagha Qaghan


Bagha Qaghan was the seventh khagan of the Göktürk First Turkic Khaganate. He has been erroneously associated with Šāwa, Sāva, or Sāba in Persian sources.

Biography

Early life

Bagha Qaghan was the second son of Issik Qaghan and was probably born sometime between 540 and 550. His personal name was recorded as Ashina Chuluohou in Chinese sources, which was probably rendering of the Turkic name Čoluq.
He was made Töli shad by his elder brother Ishbara Qaghan in 581, thus receiving viceroyalty over eastern wing of the empire. Probably around this time he also came to be known as Yabghu Khagan. He married Princess Qianjin in a levirate marriage. During this time, Emperor Wen of Sui used Zhangsun Sheng, a companion of Princess Qianjin, to sow discord among the Göktürks. According to his report, Chuluohou was cunning, but weak in power. He had earned the hearts of the people, which made Ishbara jealous and uneasy, despite outward appearances suggesting otherwise. In reality, Ishbara harbored deep suspicions and fears.

Reign

He was appointed heir by Ishbara sometime before 587 in his will. When Ishbara died, a messenger was sent by Ashina Yongyulü to his uncle, to fulfill the will and invite him to ascend the throne. However, Chuluohou stated that in recent generations, the Göktürks had not adhered to lateral succession, and it would not be in accordance with tradition for him to take the throne while Ishbara's son was still alive. He requested Yongyulü to ascend the throne instead and declared his allegiance to him. However, Yongyulü did not accept the request and insisted on carrying out his father's will. Bagha Qaghan made his nephew a yabgu after his coronation.
Bagha continued his predecessor's alliance policy with the Sui dynasty and focused on removing rivals. He moved on to eliminate Apa Qaghan who by that time had fortified himself near Bukhara and captured him alive. Permission was requested from the Sui emperor to kill the captured Apa, but Zhangsun Sheng opposed the idea, urging the Emperor to keep him alive to keep the Göktürks in check.

Death

In some Turkish sources, Baga Khagan, organized an expedition to the Western Gokturk State to defeat Tardu and restore the unity of the state, and may have been defeated and killed by Tardu's army. According to Josef Markwart and Denis Sinor, he may have been the 'great kaghan' that was killed with an arrow by Persian commander Bahrām Chobin during the First Perso-Turkic War which happened in August 589. Peter Golden regarded this to be unlikely, considering several sources stating he died the previous year in a battle with Tardu in 588 AD.

Family

Zhu Zhenhong identified his son from the stele of Shi Danai as Ashina Tong who served as Shiduo Gongmi Shad and had the title of Grand Master of the Palace. Through Tong, Bagha Qaghan was grandfather of the Tang dynasty general Shi Danai.