Bathtub
A bathtub, also abbreviated as bath or tub, is a container for holding water in which a person or another animal may bathe. Modern bathtubs can be made of thermoformed acrylic, porcelain-enameled steel or cast iron, or fiberglass-reinforced polyester. A bathtub is usually placed in a bathroom, either as a stand-alone fixture or in conjunction with shower plumbing.
Styles
Two main styles are common:- Western style bathtubs in which the bather lies down. These baths are typically shallow and long.
- Eastern style bathtubs in which the bather sits up. These are known as furo in Japan and are typically short and deep.
Drain orientation
Structure
Modern bathtubs may have hot and cold water valves mounted on them. Bathtubs are now usually built-in but have been freestanding or sometimes sunken. Until acrylic thermoforming technology permitted other shapes, most Western culture bathtubs used to be shaped like a chaise-longue-shaped stock tank. Bathtubs are commonly white in color, although many other colors can be found.History of bathtubs and bathing
Documented early plumbing systems for bathing go back as far as around 3300 BC with the discovery of copper water pipes beneath a palace in ancient Europe. Evidence of the earliest surviving personal sized bathtub was found on the Isle of Crete where a long pedestal tub was found built from hardened pottery.The clawfoot bathtub had design origins in the Netherlands. The design spread to England, as Hydrotherapy became fashionable. Early bathtubs in England were made of cast iron, or tin and copper, with a coat of paint that tended to peel with time.
Vitreous enamel was first applied commercially to sheet iron and steel in Austria and Germany in about 1850.
Following a fire in 1880...Kohler, Hayssen and Stehn...One of their first enameled products was a bathtub made by applying a porcelain coating to a cast iron horse trough.
Kohler Company and J. L. Mott Iron Works, sold porcelain enameled cast-iron bathtubs.
"The clawfoot tub was popular from the 1880's to the 1930's. It was the flu epidemic after WWI that was the downfall of these beautiful fixtures. People knew little about the illness, and became concerned with germs and cleanliness. Many saw the hard-to-reach spaces behind and under the tubs as potential breeding grounds for germs. While this wasn't true, it did cause changes in bathroom design." - Pelham & White
In 1912, the William Howard Taft administration broke up the porcelain trust, a cartel of price-fixers that conspired to create a monopoly on toilets and bathroom fixtures using patent licenses to manipulate porcelain fixture costs. In 1912, Taft fought a bitter election against Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, with campaigns taking aim at Taft's weight, resulting in the bathtub fallacy.
The Crane Company introduced colored bathroom fixtures to the United States market in 1928, and slowly this influx of design options and easier cleaning and care led to the near demise of clawfoot-style bathtubs.
James R. Wheeler and his brother Richard in 1979 adapted the acrylic being used for outdoor spas to make acrylic bathtubs. Working with Spartech Plastics, they developed the modern co-extruded and durable acrylic bathtub. The company American Bath Factory was the first to expand the diversity of acrylic bathtubs to include whirlpools, clawfoot bathtubs, and a large variety of pedestal and modern bathtubs.
Cleansing
Clawfoot bathtubs
The clawfoot bathtub was considered a luxury item in the late 19th century, originally made from cast iron and lined with porcelain. Modern technology has contributed to a drop in the price of clawfoot bathtubs, which may now be made of fiberglass, acrylic or other modern materials. Clawfoot bathtubs usually require more water than a standard bathtub, because generally they are larger. While true antique clawfoot bathtubs are still considered collectible items, new reproduction clawfoot bathtubs are chosen by remodelers and new home builders and much like the Western-style bathtubs, clawfoot bathtubs can also include a variety of shower head options.Clawfoot bathtubs come in four major styles:
- Classic roll rim bathtubs, also called roll top bathtubs or flat rim bathtubs as seen in the picture at the top of this page.
- Slipper bathtubs, generally known as slipper baths in the UK, where one end is raised and sloped creating a more comfortable lounging position.
- Double slipper bathtubs – where both ends are raised and sloped.
- Double ended bathtubs – where both ends of the bathtub are rounded, as opposed to the classic roll rim bathtub, which has one rounded end and one fairly flat end.
Pedestal bathtubs