List of autoimmune diseases

This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed with the condition. Each disorder is also categorized by its acceptance as an autoimmune condition into four levels: confirmed, probable, possible, and uncertain. This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population.

Confirmed – Used for conditions that have strong, well-established evidence of autoimmune etiology.
Probable – Used for conditions where there is substantial evidence of autoimmune involvement, but the scientific consensus may not be as strong as for those in the 'confirmed' category.
Possible – Used for conditions that have some evidence pointing towards autoimmune involvement, but it's not yet clear or there is ongoing debate.
Uncertain – Used for conditions where the evidence of autoimmune involvement is limited or contested.

Integumentary system

The integumentary system, composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, serves as a protective barrier between the body and the environment. It also plays a critical role in regulating body temperature and maintaining fluid balance.

Disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate
Alopecia areata	Hair follicles	None specific	Confirmed	2.1%
Autoimmune angioedema	Skin	C1 inhibitor	Probable	Less than 5,000
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis	Skin	Progesterone	Probable	Extremely rare
Autoimmune urticaria	Skin	IgG against IgE or IgE receptor	Probable	Not well established
Bullous pemphigoid	Skin	Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230	Confirmed	6-30 per 100,000
Cicatricial pemphigoid	Mucous membranes, sometimes skin	Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230	Confirmed	Rare
Dermatitis herpetiformis	Skin	Anti-tissue transglutaminase	Confirmed	10 per 100,000
Dermatomyositis	Skin and muscles	Anti-Jo1, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-TIF1	Confirmed	9 in 1,000,000
Discoid lupus erythematosus	Skin	ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm	Confirmed	Part of SLE prevalence
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita	Skin	Anti-type VII collagen	Confirmed	Extremely rare
Erythema nodosum	Skin	None specific	Possible	Not well established
Gestational pemphigoid	Skin	Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230	Confirmed	Rare
Hidradenitis suppurativa	Skin	None specific	Uncertain	1-4%
Lichen planus	Skin, mucous membranes	None specific	Probable	1%
Lichen sclerosus	Skin	None specific	Probable	Rare
Linear IgA disease	Skin	Anti-epidermal basement membrane IgA	Confirmed	Extremely rare
Morphea	Skin	None specific	Probable	Not well established
Psoriasis	Skin	Various, not specific	Confirmed	2-3%
Pemphigus vulgaris	Skin and mucous membranes	Anti-desmoglein 3, Anti-desmoglein 1	Confirmed	1-5 per 100,000
Scleroderma	Skin, organs	ANA, anti-Scl-70, anti-centromere	Confirmed	240 per 1,000,000
Sjögren syndrome	Exocrine glands	Anti-SSA/Ro, Anti-SSB/La antibodies, anti-centromere	Confirmed	0.1-4% of the population
Vitiligo	Skin	Various, not specific	Confirmed	1%

Nervous system

Respiratory system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate
Goodpasture syndrome			Confirmed
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)			Confirmed
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)			Confirmed
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Lungs	None specific	Possible	20 per 100,000, 13 per 100,000
Interstitial lung disease	Lungs	Depends on the subtype	Probable	31.5 per 100,000, 26.1 per 100,000
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis	Lungs	Anti-GM-CSF antibodies	Confirmed	6.2 per million
Rheumatoid lung disease	Lungs	Rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibodies	Confirmed	Part of RA prevalence
Sarcoidosis	Lungs and other organs	None specific	Confirmed	10 - 40 per 100,000

Reproductive system

The reproductive system is responsible for the production and regulation of sex hormones, the formation of germ cells, and the nurturing of fertilized eggs. In women, it includes structures such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina, while in men, it includes testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and the penis. Autoimmune diseases of the reproductive system can affect both male and female fertility and reproductive health.

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate
Autoimmune orchitis	Testes	Anti-sperm antibodies	Probable	Not well established
Autoimmune oophoritis	Ovaries	Anti-ovarian antibodies	Probable	Not well established
Endometriosis	Uterus, ovaries, and pelvic tissue	Various, including anti-endometrial antibodies	Probable	Approx. 10% of women of reproductive age
Premature ovarian failure	Ovaries	Anti-ovarian antibodies, Anti-adrenal antibodies	Confirmed	1% of women under 40 years

Musculoskeletal system

These autoimmune diseases are primarily associated with the muscles, joints and neuromuscular function.

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder	Prevalence rate
Dermatomyositis			Confirmed
Fibromyalgia	Musculoskeletal system, pain perception	None specific	Possible
Inclusion body myositis	Proximal and distal muscles	None specific	Probable
Myositis	Skeletal muscles	Various, depends on subtype	Confirmed
Myasthenia gravis	Voluntary muscles, neuromuscular junctions	Anti-acetylcholine receptor, Anti-MuSK	Confirmed
Neuromyotonia	Peripheral nerves affecting muscle control	Anti-voltage-gated potassium channels	Probable
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration	Central nervous system, cerebellum	Anti-Yo, Anti-Hu, Anti-Ri, others	Confirmed
Rheumatoid arthritis	Big and small joints of extremities, temporomandibular joints	Citrullinated proteins	Confirmed	0.5 - 1%	-
Polymyositis	Proximal skeletal muscles	Anti-Jo-1, Anti-SRP, others	Confirmed

Autoimmune comorbidities

This list includes conditions that are not diseases, but symptoms or syndromes common to autoimmune disease.

Non-autoimmune

At this time, there is not sufficient evidence to indicate that the diseases in the following table are caused by autoimmunity. This section is included because some of these conditions are immune-related but frequently confused with autoimmune diseases. Others are conditions that have been historically speculated as autoimmune due to overlapping symptoms like inflammation, but have been reclassified or excluded based on current research.

Disease	Reason not believed to be autoimmune
Agammaglobulinemia	An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
Amyloidosis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Anti-tubular basement membrane nephritis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Atopic allergy	A hypersensitivity.
Atopic dermatitis	A hypersensitivity.
Autism	No consistent evidence of association with maternal autoimmunity.
Blau syndrome	Overlaps both sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. No evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Cancer	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Castleman's disease	An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
Chagas disease	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis	LPIN2, D18S60. Synonyms: Majeed syndrome.
Complement component 2 deficiency	Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease.
Congenital heart block	May be related to autoimmune activity in the mother.
Contact dermatitis	A hypersensitivity.
Cushing's syndrome	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Dego's disease	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis	Possibly a hypersensitivity.
Eosinophilic pneumonia	A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune.
Erythroblastosis fetalis	Mother's immune system attacks fetus. An immune system disorder but not autoimmune.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva	Possibly an immune system disorder but not autoimmune.
Gastrointestinal pemphigoid	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Hypogammaglobulinemia	An immune system disorder but not autoimmune.
Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis	No consistent evidence of autoimmune cause though the disease has been found comorbid with other autoimmune diseases.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Autoantibodies: SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC.
IgA nephropathy	An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
IPEX syndrome	A genetic mutation in FOXP3 that leads to autoimmune diseases, but not an autoimmune disorder itself.
Ligneous conjunctivitis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Majeed syndrome	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Narcolepsy	No evidence of association with autoimmunity. Research not reproducible.
Rasmussen's encephalitis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Schizophrenia	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Serum sickness	A hypersensitivity.
Spondyloarthropathy	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Sweet's syndrome	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Takayasu's arteritis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy