List of Ohlone villages
[Image:Ohlone villages.png|300px|right|thumb|Map of the Costanoan languages and major villages.]
Over 50 villages and tribes of the Ohlone Native American people have been identified as existing in Northern California circa 1769 in the regions of the San Francisco Peninsula, Santa Clara Valley, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley. The known tribe names and village locations of people who spoke the Costanoan languages are listed by regions below.
In 1925, Alfred Kroeber, then director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, declared the tribe extinct, which directly led to its losing federal recognition and land rights.
San Francisco Peninsula
Languages spoken: Ramaytush, ''Tamyen on southern borderTribes and villages of the San Francisco Peninsula:
- Ahwaste – the San Francisco Peninsula
- Chiguan – Pacific Coast of San Francisco Peninsula vicinity of Half Moon Bay
- Cotegen – Pacific Coast south of Half Moon Bay
- Lamchin – present-day San Mateo County, Bay shore from Belmont south to Redwood City and valleys to the west
- Oljon – Pacific Coast on lower San Gregorio Creek and Pescadero Creek
- Quiroste – Pacific Coast from Bean Hollow Creek to Ano Nuevo Creek
Ahwaste, Bolbone, Chiguau, Cuchillones, Chuscan, Cotejen, Junatca, Karkin,
Khulpuni, Olemos, Olhon, Olmolococ, Olpen, Quemelentus, Quirogles, Saclan,
Salzon, Sanchines, Saucou, Sichican, Uchium and Uquitinac.
Santa Clara Valley
Languages spoken: Tamyen, Mutsun, Chochenyo on eastern fringesTamyen language region – tentatively Santa Clara Valley along Guadalupe River and west through Cupertino.
Tribes and villages of Santa Clara Valley:
- Alson – low marshlands at southern end of San Francisco Bay, present-Day Newark, Milpitas and Alviso
- Asirin – Coast Ranges east of Santa Clara Valley
- Aulintac – along Coyote Creek
- Churistac – cover term for cluster of villages in the mountains east of Morgan Hill
- Matalan – Santa Clara Valley from Coyote to Morgan Hill
- Pala – mountains of Hall's Valley between Santa Clara Valley and Mount Hamilton
- Ritocsi – Santa Clara Valley at Upper Guadalupe River and central Coyote Creek
- San Bernardino Group – Santa Clara Valley unknown location; see Partacsi
- * Lamaytu – Santa Clara Valley
- * Muyson – Santa Clara Valley
- * Pornen – Santa Clara Valley
- * Solchequis – Santa Clara Valley
- So-co-is-u-ka – the original site of the Mission Santa Clara on the Guadalupe River, 1777
- "Santa Ysabel" – eastern Santa Clara Valley and Upper Calaveras Creek
- Somontac – tentatively Los Gatos region of Santa Clara Valley, and/or a village of the Matalan
- Thamien – the original site of the Mission Santa Clara on the Guadalupe River, 1777
- Tayssen – large area of eastern Coast Ranges east and southeast of Santa Clara Valley
- Junas – probably in Hospital Creek drainage or San Antonio Valley of Diablo Range
- Werwersen – vicinity of Mount Hamilton, Diablo Range
East Bay area
Languages spoken: Chochenyo, Karkin in the northTribes and villages of the East Bay area:
- Causen – Sunol Valley
- Huchiun – large area of East Bay shore, from Temescal Creek to present-day Richmond
- Huchiun-Aguasto – East Bay on southeast shores of San Pablo Bay
- Karkin – on both sides of Carquinez Strait, present-day Crockett, Port Costa, Martinez and Benicia
- Luecha – southeast of Livermore
- Jalquin/Yrgen – present day Hayward, Castro Valley
- Pelnen – western part of Livermore Valley, from Pleasanton to Dublin
- Seunen – northwest side of Livermore Valley
- Souyen – marshland of Livermore Valley and up Tassajara Creek into southern foothills of Mount Diablo
- Ssaoam – around Brushy Peak and Altamont Pass, between Livermore Valley and San Joaquin Valley
- * Yulian
- Taunan – mountainous parts of Alameda Creek and Arroyo del Valle south to Alameda–Contra Costa County line
- Tuibun – mouth of Alameda Creek and Coyote Hills area, eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. Site is preserved in Coyote Hills Regional Park.
- Saclan – a former group or division of the Costanoan family inhabiting the shore at or south of Oakland
Santa Cruz Mountains
Languages spoken: Awaswas, Tamyen on eastern borderTribes and villages of the Santa Cruz Mountains:
- Achista – Santa Cruz Mountains, present-day Boulder Creek, and Riverside Grove
- Chalumu – current location of city of Santa Cruz
- Chaloctac – around Loma Prieta Creek on crest of Santa Cruz Mountains
- Chitactac – Santa Cruz Mountains and/or Santa Clara Valley
- Cotoni – Pacific Coast at present-day Davenport
- Olpen – interior hills and valleys in Santa Cruz Mountains, La Honda Creek, Corte de Madera Creek
- Partacsi – Saratoga Gap mountainous area, upper Pescadero Creek, Stevens Creek, and Saratoga Creek watersheds; tentatively the village and center of San Bernardino tribal groups
- Sayanta – Scotts Valley, Glenwood, and Laurel areas
- Sokel – present-day Aptos
Monterey Bay area
Languages spoken: Awaswas north coast, Rumsen south coast, Mutsun inlandTribes and villages of the Monterey Bay area:
- Aptos – Shores of Monterey Bay from Aptos east, halfway up Pajaro River
- Cajastaca – north or northeast of Watsonville, near the Pajaro River
- Ichxenta – at San Jose Creek, near Point Lobos State Reserve
- Kalindaruk - Monterey County
- Rumsien – Carmel River, roughly 5 miles inland from San Carlos Mission and Pacific Coast
- Uypi – present-day City of Santa Cruz
- Wacharon – near present-day Moss Landing
Salinas Valley
Languages spoken: Rumsen, Mutsun, ChalonTribes and villages of Salinas Valley:
- Ansaime – east side of San Felipe sink on Pacheco Creek
- Chipuctac – Cañada de los Osos area northeast of Gilroy
- Mutsun – at the Mission San Juan Bautista, on San Benito River, west of present-day city of Hollister.
- Pitac – possibly San Martin area or else part of Unijama in the Gilroy area
- Tomoi – in the general area of Pacheco Pass
- Unijaima – Gilroy and Carnadero areas
- Wachero-n – at site of Mission Soledad on Salinas River