Aulus Vibenna


Aulus Vibenna was an Etruscan nobleman from Vulci of the 6th century BC and the brother of Caelius Vibenna.

Biography

The historical existence of Aulus Vibenna, citizen of Vulci, is confirmed by archaeological finds, including a cup found at the sanctuary of Portonaccio near Veii, a bucchero chalice from the period in which tradition places it and which bears the dedicating inscription mini muluvaece avile vipiienas, i.e. "Aulus Vibenna dedicated me". Aulus, with this gift, had wanted to honour the sanctuary of Veii, whose prestige was such that it attracted as worshipers not only prominent local personalities but also aristocrats from other large Etruscan cities.
Another later vase, a red-figured Etruscan cup preserved in the Rodin Museum in Paris, probably discovered in Vulci and dating from the fifth century BC, bears the Etruscan inscription Avles Vpinas naplan, i.e. "cup of Aulus Vibenna", which confirms the charisma of this figure, whose memory resurfaces a century later.
Aulus could have been present in Rome. Arnobius, referring to Fabius Pictor, alludes to the murder of Aulus, by a "slave of his brother". The Capitol, a pseudo-etymology for which is caput Oli, is said to have taken its name Oli from Auli.
The Vibenna brothers also appear on an Etruscan mirror from Bolsena and on four cinerary urns from Chiusi.

In the Etruscan tradition

Aulus and his brother Caelius Vibenna are well represented in the Etruscan tradition.
The François tomb at Vulci contained a fresco showing Aulus and Caelius Vibenna taking part in one of these adventures. The fresco is from the Hellenistic period and incorporates more ancient motifs from the Etruscan tradition.
It represents a battle scene showing Caelius, Aulus Vibenna and Mastarna with companions named 'Larth Ulthes', 'Rasce' and 'Marce Camitlnas'. These images show the execution of enemies whose names are 'Laris Papathnas Velznach', 'PESNA Arcmsnas Sveamach', 'Venthical' 'plsachs' and 'Cneve Tarchunies Rumach'.
The group is portrayed as having taken prisoner Caelius, Aulus, Rasce and Marce, but while they were sleeping, Larth Ulthes broke into their camp, armed with swords which he gave to his companions. While the prisoners kills their captors, Mastarna frees Caelius Vibenna.
The fresco, together with the finding of the bucchero, which is coeval with the reign of Servius Tullius, suggests that the Vibenna brothers are historical figures, Etruscan military leaders who took part in the struggles for dominance over Rome, having the Tarquins as their adversaries and helping Servius Tullius oust from power Tarquinius Priscus">Tarquinia gens">Tarquinius Priscus. It is not unlikely that Aulus, while being in the surroundings of Rome, decided to make an offer to the sanctuary of Veii, located very close to the city which he wanted to conquer.