Asterinidae


The Asterinidae are a large family of sea stars in the order Valvatida.

Description and characteristics

These are generally small sea stars, flattened dorsally and bearing very short arms, often giving a pentagonal shape in the body ;example: Asterians rubens. The periphery of the body is thin and formed by indistinct, tiny marginal plates. They are characterized by their aboral face formed by plates shaped like crescents, sometimes giving a "knitted" appearance to the skin.
The abyssal species can be bigger, like those of the genus Anseropoda, which can exceed 45 cm in diameter.

Biology

Most of the species are small and relatively cryptic: they are often found hidden under rocks or in crevices, for example. Several species have access to a fissiparous asexual reproduction, multiplying their reproductive potential. For that reason, some species of the genera Meridiastra and Aquilonastra can sometimes appear spontaneously in aquariums, where they can proliferate from just one larva imported inadvertently. Some species can brood their young, such as Asterina pancerii.
Most of the species feed on food fragments and algal or bacterial mat covering the substratum, evaginating their stomach on their food. However, some species like Stegnaster inflatus takes advantage of their webbed shape to form a "trap" by heightening on the tip of their arms, and suddenly falling on a prey which would have believed to find shelter there.
They can be found in almost all the seas of the world, from the abysses to the surface and from the poles to the tropics.

Genera

This family comprises about 21 genera and 116 species according to O'Loughlin & Waters, whereas the World Asteroidea Database states that it includes 150 species in 25 genera.
Genera included in the family according to the World Asteroidea Database:Ailsastra O'Loughlin & Rowe, 2005Allopatiria Verrill, 1913Anseropoda Nardo, 1834Aquilonastra O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004Asterina Nardo, 1834Asterinides Verrill, 1913Asterinopsis Verrill, 1913Callopatiria Verrill, 1913Cryptasterina Dartnall & al. 2003Disasterina Perrier, 1875Indianastra O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004Kampylaster Koehler, 1920Manasterina H.L. Clark, 1938Meridiastra O'Loughlin, 2002Nepanthia Gray, 1840Paranepanthia Fisher, 1917Parvulastra O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004Patiria Gray, 1840Patiriella Verrill, 1913Pseudasterina Aziz & Jangoux, 1985Pseudonepanthia A.H. Clark, 1916Pseudopatiria O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004Stegnaster Sladen, 1889Tegulaster Livingstone, 1933Tremaster Verrill, 1880Ctenaster L. Agassiz, 1836Desmopatiria Verrill, 1913