Asana, Peru
Asana is an archaeological site by the Asana River, a tributary of the Osmore River, in the south-central Andes of southern Peru. The site is situated at an elevation of, with land use documented from. Asana was occupied over the course of 8,000 years; though the inhabitants were initially mobile foragers, long term habitation was marked at a later phase by residential architecture.
File:Huemul.jpg| right|thumb|Taruca in the northern Andean mountains.
Geography
Asana is located on the north bank of the Asana River in the flat fertile valley along of the river. The geological and geomorphological features are causative factors for its unique setting.History
An archaeological study of the Asana river valley was conducted 1986–89. The area studied was along a river length of about, between Tumilaca Molina and Cueva Quellaveco and from the origin of the minor tributary of the river Charoque to Tala village. The valley floors and hill slopes, covering an area of, led to the discovery of the Asana site and also six rock shelters. One of the rock shelters, Qusquri , was discovered on the left bank of the river valley at an elevation of, in a series of river terraces at an elevation range of.Human habitation has been traced to 10,500 BP at Asana. Excavations have revealed six stratigraphic zones from 10,500 BP to 3500 BP, before the site became abandoned in 3500 BP. The period from 10,500 BP to 9,000 BP is interpreted as belonging to the Late Pleistocene age, 800 years prior to any type of permanent habitation in other areas of the south central Andean highlands. During the settlement period, guanaco and taruka '' were the local wild herbivores. Over the centuries, the guanaco were domesticated. The Asana at the lower elevation had formed the base camp of the earliest settlers who were hunter gatherers, hunting guanaco and taruca. Up to 5000 BP, settlement became more permanent. The gradual change from forager over to the pastoral society was recorded between 4800 and 4400 BP. By the mid-Holocene, guanacos had been domesticated. In the river valley, the pastorals living in the mountainous region preferred to limit their livestock foraging to a comfortable distance of not more than with an elevation difference of, perhaps to conserve their energy expenditures. If these limits increased then they would establish new camps. Human settlement abruptly ended at Asana.