Aroid languages
The Aroid or Ari-Banna languages possibly belong to the Afro-Asiatic family and are spoken in Ethiopia.
Languages
There are five Aroid languages:- Aroid languages
- * Aari-Gayil languages
- ** Aari
- ** Gayil
- * Hamer-Karo languages
- ** Hamer-Banna
- ** Karo (Ethiopia)
- * Dime
External classification
The classification of South Omotic is highly disputed and it may be a separate language family. Karo is sometimes considered as a dialect of Hamer, but considered as a separate language by Glottolog which groups both in a Hamer-Karo subfamily.Zaborski and Lamberti consider South Omotic to be a separate branch of Cushitic, renaming it as West Cushitic.
Bender notes that South Omotic is in fact quite divergent from other Afroasiatic languages, and suggests that it may in fact have connections with Nilo-Saharan, such as Surmic and Nilotic.
Enrico Cerulli had proposed that Aroid languages might be a part of Nilotic. Citing lexical similarities with Surmic and other non-Nilotic Nilo-Saharan languages, Yigezu argues that Aroid has a "Nilo-Saharan origin" and had become strongly influenced by other "Omotic" language groups. The Proto-Aroid vowel system is also more similar to those of the Surmic and Nilotic languages.
Glottolog 4.0 does not recognize that South Omotic belongs to one of the disputed families, and the candidate group of Omotic languages remains disputed. For this reason it is considered for now as a separate family.
Reconstruction
Below is a reconstruction of Proto-Aroid by Yigezu.| Gloss | Proto-Aroid |
| animal | *dabɪ- |
| arrow | *bʌnkʌr |
| blow | *pug- |
| boat | *gongul |
| buffalo | *meek- |
| burn | *ʔats- |
| bury | *duuk- |
| calabash | *gusi |
| call | *ɛl- |
| cattle | *waak- |
| charcoal | *tʃ’ilʃ- |
| chicken | *baatʃa ~ *koyz |
| chicken | *baatʃ- |
| chief | *biti |
| claw | *guʃ- |
| climb | *wut- |
| cloth | *apala |
| cotton | *putta |
| count | *payd- |
| crocodile | *gurgur |
| divide | *kʌʃ- |
| donkey | *ukul- |
| drink | *wutʃ’- |
| dry season | *bona |
| egg | *muk’-; *mol- |
| father | *baab |
| fire | *no̤ha ~ *nuu |
| hand/arm | *ʔan |
| hat | *koɓ- |
| head | *mat- |
| hoe | *gaita |
| hold | *yʌd |
| I | *ʔinta |
| liver | *tʊ/ur- |
| make | *ʔaʃk- |
| mother | *ʔind- |
| mouth | *ʔap- |
| navel | *gulɗ- |
| nine | *sakal |
| open | *bul- |
| people | *eedna |
| person | *eed |
| pierce | *tors- |
| plant | *kor- |
| rainy season | *bʌrgi |
| road | *gɔgi |
| salt | *sok’o |
| sand | *ʃaam- |
| seed | *ɓenta |
| sew | *dʒaag- |
| shoot | *kʌs’- |
| show | *ɗaw- |
| six | *la̤h |
| smoke | *tʃ’ub- |
| snake | *gun- |
| sow | *dʊk’- |
| spit | *tʌs’-; *pas’- |
| split | *p’al- |
| tail | *go/ul- |
| ten | *tʌmm-; *tʌɓ- |
| tobacco | *dampo |
| untie | *bul- |
| urinate | *ʃaan- |
| urine | *ʃaan |
| *ʔinta | |
| *ya- | |
| . | *no̤h/nuu |
| . | *naa |
| . | *yi |
| *wot- | |
| *yʌt- | |
| *kɛt- |
Numerals
Comparison of numerals in individual languages:| Language | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Aari | wólːáq | qastːén | makːén | ʔoydːí | dónqː | láː | tabzá | qastːaː́ntámːers | wolqáːntámːers | támːá |
| Hamer-Banna | kála | lamá | makkán | oidí | dunɡ̥ | lax | toɓɓá | lankái | sal | táɓi |
| Hamer-Banna | kʌlʌ | lɛmaː | makan | ʔoʷidi / ʔuʷidi | duŋ | lʌx | tʌɓa / toɓa | lʌŋkaⁱ | səl | təɓi |
| Dime | ˈwɔkʰʌl / wókkil | ˈkʼʌtʼɨm / kʼəstin | ˈmʌkʰɨm / mə́kkim | ʔʊdːʊ / ʔúddú | ˈʃənːə / ʃinní | ˈlahə ~ ˈlah / láxi | ˈtʰʊsːʊm / tússum | ˈkʼʌʃnaʃ / kʼaʃnáʃiʃ | ˈwʌklaʃ / wókláʃiʃ | ˈtʰamːe / təmme |
| Karo (Kara Apo) | kala | lama | makkam | ojidi | dɔŋ | la | tsoɓa | lɔɔŋkaji | sal | taɓi |