Ark-La-Tex


The Ark-La-Tex is a socio-economic region where the Southern U.S. states of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas join together. The region contains portions of Northwest Louisiana, Northeast Texas, and South Arkansas as well as Oklahoma's southeasternmost county, McCurtain County.
The population of the 40-county core region as of 2020 is 1,469,860 people, down from 1,515,056 in 2010. Shreveport, Louisiana, with 187,593 people in 2020, is the largest city, economic and geographic center of the region, and principal hub for both the Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area and Northwestern Louisiana. Longview, Texas, with a population of 81,683 people in 2020, is the second-largest city as well as a principal city of the Tyler–Longview metropolitan conurbation and Greater Longview metropolitan area. The twin cities of Texarkana, Texas, and Texarkana, Arkansas, are the fourth- and sixth-largest cities, respectively, but collectively make up the region's third-largest metropolitan area as the center of the Texarkana metropolitan area encompassing Miller County, Arkansas, and Bowie County, Texas. Other cities in the Ark-La-Tex with 20,000 or more residents include Bossier City, Louisiana; Nacogdoches, Texas; Marshall, Texas; and Ruston, Louisiana.
The counties in the area's western section are largely part of the East Texas region and mainly encompass the Tyler–Longview–Lufkin–Nacogdoches television market area, while the counties and parishes in the eastern half of the region are included in the Shreveport–Texarkana television market. However, some Arkansas counties—under certain, looser definitions of the Ark-La-Tex region—in northwesternmost areas of the southwestern section of the state are included in the Little Rock viewing area.

Etymology

Although use of the term to refer to the tri-state region dates back to the early 1900s, the name "Ark-La-Tex" was popularized regionally by a Shreveport Chamber of Commerce promotional campaign developed in 1932–33 to increase tourism in the area.
The campaign, dubbing the area as "The Land of Arklatex", was based on the idea that "the interests of all the people in the Tri-state area of South Arkansas, North Louisiana and East Texas are practically identical in matters pertaining to agriculture, industry, commerce and trade, and education." The region is alternatively, although seldom in most media and promotional parlance, referred to as "Arklatexoma", which more inclusively encompasses McCurtain County and other parts of extreme Southeastern Oklahoma that lie along the Red River.

Geography

The Ark-La-Tex covers over across the four-state area; if the Ark-La-Tex were a U.S. state, it would be larger than Maryland. Most of the Ark-La-Tex is located in the Piney Woods, an ecoregion of dense forests of mixed deciduous and conifer flora. The forests are periodically punctuated by sloughs and bayous that are linked to larger bodies of water such as Caddo Lake or the Red River. Three of the four National Forests located within the Piney Woods of East Texas are wholly or partially within the Ark-La-Tex boundaries: Angelina National Forest, Sabine National Forest and Crockett National Forest">Crockett, Texas">Crockett National Forest.
The Red River is the principal mainstem waterway in the region, exiting from the eastern end of Lake Texoma and running generally east along the Oklahoma–Texas border towards Southwestern Arkansas before turning southward northwest of Texarkana and passing into Northwestern Louisiana. The bordering Louisiana cities of Shreveport and Bossier City were developed along the river bank; its span within the Ark-La-Tex ends in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, at its intersection with Grant and Rapides parishes.

Definition

As with all vernacular regions, the Ark-La-Tex has no official boundaries or status and is defined differently by various sources. Most definitions of the Ark-La-Tex delineate the region as encompassing 40 parishes and counties, and most weather radars suggest a 40-county or -parish area.

Louisiana (13 parishes)

Alternate definitions can include eight additional Texas counties, include the Monroe, Louisiana metropolitan area and Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, exclude the counties encompassing the El Dorado, Arkansas micropolitan area, or exclude McCurtain County, Oklahoma. McCurtain County is usually included in the region's areal definition, primarily for media distribution purposes, even though the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation formally defines it as being part of its Choctaw Country tourism region. Another alternate definition is solely the vicinity of the Ark-La-Tex region's three principal cities, Shreveport, Longview, and Texarkana.

Climate

The Ark-La-Tex is situated in a humid subtropical climate typical of the Southeastern United States, albeit occasionally interrupted by intrusions of cold air during the winter months. Rainfall is abundant, with the normal annual precipitation averaging over in some areas, with monthly averages ranging from less than in August to more than in June. Portions of East Texas within the region receive more rainfall,, than the rest of the state. Due to the flat topography of some areas and the prominence of smaller waterways that are prone to backwater flooding from the Red River, communities occasionally experience severe flooding events. A notable occurrence of severe flooding occurred in March 2016, after torrential rains caused a rapid rise of many local waterways, displacing upwards of 3,500 people from their homes across Caddo and Bossier parishes and adjacent areas of Northwest Louisiana that lie along the Red River. Freezing rain and ice storms occasionally occur during the winter months.
Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain, hail, damaging winds and tornadoes occur in the area during the spring and summer months, although severe weather can also occur during the winter months. The region is in the western section of the "Dixie Alley" tornado climatology region, where tornadogenesis is most often attributed by high precipitation supercell thunderstorms—within which tornadoes are often partially or fully wrapped in curtains of heavy rain, impairing them from being seen by storm spotters and chasers, law enforcement, and the public—due to an increase of moisture from proximity to the nearby Gulf of Mexico. Some areas of the region, such as Bossier City, average a slightly above normal rate of tornadoes when compared to the national average. The winter months are normally mild; Shreveport, in particular, averages 35 days of freezing or below-freezing temperatures per year. Ice and sleet storms occasionally occur during this timeframe. The summer months are hot and humid, with high to very high relative average humidity, often as a result of moisture being advected from the Gulf of Mexico; in Shreveport, maximum temperatures exceed an average of 91 days per year.
The National Weather Service operates a Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, which provides local weather forecasts and warnings, watches and advisories for hazardous weather conditions for 39 counties and parishes within the greater Ark-La-Tex region.

Communities

Largest cities

List of cities with over 3,500 people :

Louisiana

Texas

Arkansas

Oklahoma

Metropolitan and micropolitan areas

Metropolitan statistical areas

Micropolitan statistical areas

Culture

The culture of the Ark-La-Tex region, and especially its music, shows a mixture of influences from the related, but distinct, cultures of its surrounding states. The music of the area is marked by country and blues sounds typical of the Southern United States#Music|music of the Southern United States], the Western music of Texas, and the well-documented music of New Orleans and Acadiana in Louisiana. The area had a significant role in the development of country and rock-and-roll music, beginning in the 1940s. On March 1, 1948, Shreveport radio station KWKH launched a country music variety show called the Ark-La-Tex Jubilee, followed a month later by the long-running and influential Louisiana Hayride program. Hayride director Horace Logan and regular performer Webb Pierce started a music publishing company called Ark-La-Tex Music. Drummer Brian Blade, a Shreveport native, included a song entitled "Ark.La.Tex." on his 2014 album Landmarks, exploring the mixture of musical influences in his home region.

Education

Colleges and universities

The region contains Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, part of the University of Texas System, and Louisiana Tech University, a public research university in Ruston, which are the largest public institutions of higher education in the Ark-La-Tex. Named after Stephen F. Austin, who led the second and most successful colonization of the region that would become the state of Texas through the migration of 300 families from other parts of the United States in 1825, the former of the two major universities was founded as a teachers' college in 1923 as a result of legislation authored by State Senator Wilfred Roy Cousins, Sr. Louisiana Tech opened in 1894 to provide educational subjects pertaining to the arts and sciences for the development of an industrial economy in Louisiana post-Reconstruction. In the 1960s the school became desegregated, and allowed integrated classes with white and black students; after it achieved criteria of a research university under the leadership of President F. Jay Taylor, the university officially adopted its current name in 1970. Louisiana Tech also operates a satellite campus in Shreveport as well as classes at the Academic Success Center and Barksdale Air Force Base Instructional Site in Bossier City, and at the CenturyLink corporate headquarters in Monroe. Ruston is also home to a branch campus of Monroe-based Delta Community College">Delta County, Texas">Delta Community College.
The Shreveport–Bossier City area is home to several colleges; among them, the Methodist-affiliated Centenary College of Louisiana, Baptist University">Baptists">Baptist University and Theological Seminary, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport and one of the largest nursing schools in northern Louisiana, the Northwestern State University College of Nursing as well as satellite campuses of Louisiana State University, Southern University. Longview, Texas, is home to LeTourneau University, a private, four-year Christian university founded by R.G. LeTourneau in 1946, originally as LeTourneau Technical Institute. Inclusively, Tyler, Texas is also home to satellite higher education campuses through the University of Texas System by way of the University of Texas at Tyler and the University of Texas Health Center at Tyler as well as one of two independent institutions, Tyler Junior College.
The Texarkana metropolitan area is home to Texas A&M University–Texarkana, a four-year satellite branch of the Texas A&M University System, and Texarkana College. Arkadelphia is home to two liberal arts institutions: Henderson State University, which is the only member of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges based in Arkansas and announced plans to join the Arkansas State University System in October 2019, and Ouachita Baptist University, a private, Baptist college affiliated with the Arkansas Baptist State Convention.
The area also houses several historically black colleges and universities. The largest of these, Grambling State University, located in the namesake Lincoln Parish town of Grambling, was founded in 1901 as the Colored Industrial and Agricultural School. The university was created out of the desire of African-American farmers in rural areas of northern Louisiana to educate other black residents in that section of the state; it moved to its present location in 1905 and became a state junior college by 1928, when it began offering two-year professional certificates and diplomas to graduates. Grambling received accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1949. Other HBCUs in the region include Texas College in Tyler, Jarvis Christian University in Hawkins, and Wiley College in Marshall.

Media

Newspapers

Shreveport/Texarkana (Northwest Louisiana and Southwest Arkansas)

  • KTAL-TV – Texarkana/Shreveport/Marshall
  • KMSS-TV – Shreveport/Texarkana
  • KSHV-TV – Shreveport/Texarkana
  • KPXJ – Minden/Shreveport/Texarkana
  • KSLA – Shreveport/Texarkana/Bossier City/Marshall/Natchitoches
  • KTBS-TV – Shreveport/Texarkana
  • KLTS – Shreveport
  • KETG – Arkadelphia

    El Dorado/Monroe (South Central Arkansas and North Central Louisiana)

  • KTVE – El Dorado/Monroe/Ruston

    Tyler/Lufkin (East Texas)

  • KLTV – Tyler/Longview
  • KYTX – Nacogdoches/Lufkin/Tyler/Longview/Jacksonville
  • KFXK – Longview/Tyler
  • KCEB – Longview/Tyler
  • KETK-TV – Jacksonville/Tyler/Longview
  • KTRE – Lufkin/Nacogdoches

    Radio

AM stations

Arkansas
  • KVRC – Arkadelphia
  • KDMS – El Dorado
  • KELD – El Dorado
    Louisiana
  • KEEL / K2689GO – Shreveport/Bossier City/Texarkana/Marshall/Natchitoches
  • KRRP – Coushatta/Natchitoches
  • KOKA / K227CY – Shreveport/Bossier City/Marshall
  • KBCL – Bossier City/Shreveport
  • KWKH – Shreveport/Bossier City
  • KASO – Minden/Shreveport/Bossier City
  • KSYB – Shreveport/Bossier City
  • KNCB / K281CY – Vivian/Shreveport/Bossier City
  • KRMD – Shreveport/Bossier City / K264AS – Mooringsport
  • KNOC / K240EY – Natchitoches
  • KTKC – Springhill
  • KIOU – Shreveport/Bossier City
  • KRUS / K242DA – Ruston/Grambling
    Texas
  • KTBB – Tyler/Longview / KTBB-FM – Troup
  • KCMC / K300DW – Texarkana, TX
  • KSFA – Lufkin/Nacodgdoches
  • KTFS / K290CP – Texarkana, TX
  • KSST – Sulphur Springs
  • KDOK – Kilgore/Longview/Marshall
  • KZHN – Paris
  • KSML – Lufkin/Nacodgdoches
  • KIVY – Crockett/Lufkin/Nacodgdoches
  • KGLD – Tyler/Longview
  • KRBA – Lufkin/Nacodgdoches
  • KHDY – Clarksville
  • KFRO – Longview/Marshall
  • KKTK / K246CR – Texarkana, TX
  • KEES – Gladewater/Longview/Marshall
  • KMHT – Marshall/Longview
  • KWRD / K253CE – Henderson/Longview/Marshall
  • KPLT – Paris
  • KYZS / K239CB – Tyler
    Oklahoma
  • KBEL – Idabel

    FM stations

Arkansas

Airports

, located off Hollywood Avenue in southwestern Shreveport, is the region's primary commercial airport. Established in 1952, Shreveport Regional is served by Allegiant Air, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, GLO Airlines, and United Airlines. Shreveport Downtown Airport, built in 1931 and located north of downtown Shreveport along the Red River, is the city's general aviation airport and also serves as a reliever airport for Shreveport Regional Airport, itself built to replace the Downtown Airport as Shreveport's main commercial airport due to the limited growth that could be made to that facility due to its close proximity of the Red River.
General and limited commercial aviation is additionally available at several smaller airfields in the Ark-La-Tex; Tyler Pounds Regional Airport, a city-owned public use airport in Tyler; offers service to and from Dallas/Fort Worth International and, on a seasonal basis, Denver International, respectively, via American Eagle and Frontier Airlines. East Texas Regional Airport, located south of Longview, is used for general aviation and military training but also provides connector service to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport via American Airlines and American Eagle. Texarkana Regional Airport, a city-owned public use facility located northeast of Texarkana, Arkansas's central business district, mainly provides general aviation travel but is also served by American Eagle. Exclusively general aviation service is provided by Angelina County Airport, located southwest of downtown Lufkin; A.L. Mangham Jr. Regional Airport, located outside Loop 224 northwest of TX State Highway 7; and Natchitoches Regional Airport, located south of downtown Natchitoches.

Major highways

The Ark-La-Tex is an integral point on the United States Interstate Network, with three major interstate highways—Interstate 20, Interstate 30, and Interstate 49—servicing the region, connecting five of the region's largest cities, Tyler, Longview, Marshall, Shreveport and Bossier City. Interstates 20 and 49—the latter of which has its northern terminus at the intersection of the former of the two Interstates—bisect Shreveport, intersecting with I-220 and LA Highway 3132 on the city's west side, with U.S. 171 in downtown Shreveport, and with I-220 in central Bossier Parish.
The region is a point within the planned extension of the otherwise presently disjointed Interstate 69. A branch of the Interstate presently runs north on U.S. 59 within Texas from Tenaha to Texarkana, where the span will eventually connect to Interstates 30 and 49. In response to widespread opposition from environmental groups and property rights activists, the Texas Department of Transportation announced in June 2008 that it would complete I-69 through upgrades to the existing spans of U.S. 59, U.S. 77 and U.S. 281 to Interstate standards through rural areas, with bypasses around urban centers along the route, which will be financed through private sector investment. An approximately portion of the I-69 extension to extend from south of Clarksdale, Mississippi, to the Louisiana/Texas state line will be built as a new-terrain route that parallels existing U.S. and state highways in some areas. One of the current segments, SIU 16, covers areas of East Texas to the northeast of Nacogdoches, extending until it terminates at U.S. 171 near Stonewall. Another segment, SIU 15, continues over the southern and eastern sections of Shreveport, crossing I-49 and ending at I-20 near Haughton. The third existing segment, SIU 14, extends northeast from I-20 to US 82 near El Dorado, Arkansas.

Interstates

State highways
is available through two inland multi-modal transportation and distribution centers along the Red River: the Port of Caddo-Bossier, located at the head of navigation on the J. Bennett Johnston Waterway, and the Natchitoches Parish Port, located on Louisiana Highways 6 and 486 in Campti, Louisiana on the only slack water port on the Red River. The Port of Caddo-Bossier began loading its first cargo in 1995, and has received more than nine million tons of barge freight and over eight million tons of rail freight. The port—which houses more than 17 freight and shipping companies—links the Ark-La-Tex to domestic and international markets via the Mississippi River, and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. Bossier City hosts three riverboat casino gambling resorts along the east bank of the Red River: Margaritaville Resort Casino, Horseshoe Bossier City, and Boomtown Bossier City.

Notable people