1868 in Argentina

Incumbents

• President: Bartolomé Mitre ; Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
• [Vice President of Argentina|President of Argentina|Vice President]: Marcos Paz ; Adolfo Alsina

Governors

• Buenos Aires Province: Adolfo Alsina ; Emilio de Castro y Rocha
• Cordoba: Félix de la Peña
• Mendoza Province: Nicolás Villanueva
• Santa Fe Province: Nicasio Oroño then Mariano Cabal

Vice Governors

• Buenos Aires Province: vacant

Events

• 2 January – The sudden death of Vice President Marcos Paz, in a cholera epidemic at Buenos Aires, results in a vacancy that is not filled for several months.
• 12 April – The electoral college chooses Domingo Sarmiento as its new president by 79 out of 131 votes, making this the most closely contested election during the period.
• June – Henry G. Worthington becomes United States Ambassador to Argentina.

Births

• 21 April – Rosendo Mendizabal, tango musician and composer
• 20 July – José Félix Uriburu, first de facto President of Argentina
• 4 October – Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, politician and future President of Argentina
• 6 December – Lisandro de la Torre, politician

Deaths

• 2 January – Marcos Paz, Vice President of Argentina
• 19 February – Venancio Flores, Uruguayan politician and general supported by Argentina
• 23 October – Mariquita Sánchez, Buenos Aires ''salonnière''