Apu (god)


In the ancient religion and mythology of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, an apu is the term used to describe the spirits of mountains and sometimes solitary rocks, typically displaying anthropomorphic features, that protect the local people. The term dates back to the Inca Empire.

Meanings

The word apu has several possible meanings, depending on context.
Apu means "Lord" in Quechua. The Inca religion uses the term 'apu' to refer to a mountain with a living spirit; the body and energy of the mountain together form the spirit's wasi. A number of different terms are used for different types of apu:
  • Ayllu Apu – protector of a village
  • Llaqta Apu – protector of a region
  • Suyu Apu – protector of a country
Besides mountains there are other living beings that are considered apu – the so-called Tiqsi Apu. In the Andean tradition, Pachamama, Wiraqucha, Tayta Inti, Ttita Wayra, Mama Unu, Mama Killa and Mama Ch'aska can be seen all over the world, which is why they are known as Tiqsi Apu, meaning "Global Apu". Jesus and Mother Mary for the same reason are also known as Tiqsi Apu.

The twelve sacred apu of Cusco are: Ausangate, Salkantay, Mama Simona, Pillku Urqu, Manuel Pinta, Wanakawri, Pachatusan, Pikchu, Saksaywaman, Viraqochan, Pukin, and Sinqa.
Other apu in Bolivia and Peru are: Akamari, Antikuna, Chachani, Kimsa Chata, Illampu, Lady of Illimani, Machu Picchu, Pitusiray, Putucusi, Qullqipunku, Sinaqara, Tunupa, Willka Wiqi, Wamanrasu, Wayna Picchu and Yanantin.