Apollo e Dafne (Handel)


Apollo e Dafne is a secular cantata composed by George Frideric Handel in 1709–10. Handel began composing the work in Venice in 1709 and completed it in Hanover after arriving in 1710 to take up his appointment as Kapellmeister to the Elector, the later King George I of Great Britain. The work is one of Handel's most ambitious cantatas and is indicative of the brilliant operatic career to follow in the next 30 years of his life.
The work's overture has not survived and therefore another of the composer's instrumental works is sometimes performed as an introduction. The cantata's instrumentation is bright, as Handel adds a flute, a pair of oboes and a bassoon to the usual strings.
The work takes just over 40 minutes to perform.

Synopsis

, having released Greece from tyranny by killing the menacing dragon Python, is in an arrogant mood. He boasts that even Cupid's archery is no match for his own bow and arrow. When he sees the lovely Daphne his conceit is shattered. He is instantly smitten and deploys all his charms to win her favour. Naturally distrustful, she rejects his advances and declares that she would rather die than lose her honour. Apollo becomes more forceful in insisting that she yield to his love and takes hold of her. When all seems lost, Daphne manages to escape from his grasp by transforming herself into a laurel tree. Overwhelmed by sorrow, Apollo pledges that his tears will water her green leaves and that her triumphant branches will be used to crown the greatest heroes.

Dramatis personae

  • Apollo
  • Daphne

    Text

In the following table, the first column has the movement number, the second the type of music, the third the role, and the fourth the text translated from the original Italian.
mvmttyperoletext
1RecitativeApolloThe earth is set free! Greece is avenged! Apollo has conquered!
After such terrors and such slaughter that have devastated and depopulated the country
the Python lies dead, put to death by my hand.
Apollo has triumphed! Apollo has conquered!
2AriaApolloThe good of the universe relies on this saving bow.
With my praises let the earth resound and sacrifices be prepared to my protecting arm.
3RecitativeApolloLet Cupid in his pretty pride give way to the force of my arrows;
let him boast no more of the fatal point of his golden arrows.
One Python alone is worth more than a thousand ardent wounded lovers.
4AriaApolloBreak your bow and cast away your weapons, God of idleness and pleasure.
How can you ever hurt me, naked spirit and blind archer?
5AriaDaphneMost blest is this soul, that loves only freedom.
There is not peace, there is no calm if the heart is not unfettered.
6RecitativeApolloWhat a voice! What a beauty!
This sound, this sight pierces my heart. Nymph!
6RecitativeDaphneWhat do I see, alas?
And who is it that surprises me?
6RecitativeApolloI am a God, whom your beauty has aroused
6RecitativeDaphneI know no other God in these woods but only Diana;
do not come near, profane God.
6RecitativeApolloI am Cynthia's brother;
If you love my sister, fair one, pity the one who adores you.
7AriaDaphneYou burn, adore, and beg in vain; only to Cynthia am I faithful.
To her brother's flames of love Cynthia would have me cruel.
8RecitativeApolloHow cruel!
8RecitativeDaphneHow importunate!
8RecitativeApolloI seek an end to my troubles.
8RecitativeDaphneAnd I shall survive it.
8RecitativeApolloI am consumed with love
8RecitativeDaphneI am burning with anger.
9DuetApollo,
Daphne		A war rages in my breast that I can bear no longer.
9DuetApolloI burn, I freeze.
9DuetDaphneI fear, I suffer.
If this ardour is not checked I can never have peace.
10RecitativeApolloBe calm now, my dear one.
The beauty that inflames me will not flower for ever;
the fairest that Nature creates passes, and does not last.
11AriaApolloAs the rose with its thorn quickly comes and quickly goes,
so with sudden flight, passes the flower of beauty.
12RecitativeDaphneAh! A God should follow after no other love than for objects eternal;
the fleeting dust will perish, will end,
that makes me pleasing to you,
but not the virtue that protects me.
13AriaDaphneAs the benign star in the sky calms Neptune's fury,
so in an honest and fair soul, reason holds love in check.
14RecitativeApolloHear my reason!
14RecitativeDaphneI am deaf!
14RecitativeApolloA bear you are, a tigress!
14RecitativeDaphneYou are no God!
14RecitativeApolloYield to love, or you will feel my force.
14RecitativeDaphneIn my blood this ardour of yours will be quenched.
15DuetApolloAh! Soften that harsh severity.
15DuetDaphneTo die is better than to lose my honour.
15DuetApolloAh! Cease your anger, O beloved of my heart.
15DuetDaphneTo die is better than to lose my honour.
16RecitativeApolloAlways will I adore you!
16RecitativeDaphneAlways will I abhor you!
16RecitativeApolloYou shall not escape me!
16RecitativeDaphneYes, I will escape you!
16RecitativeApolloI will follow you, run after you, fly in your steps:
swifter that the sun you cannot be.
17AriaApolloRun, my feet: hold tight, my arms, the ungrateful beauty.
I touch her, I hold her, I take her, I hold her tight...
But what sudden change is this?
What did I see? What behold?
Heavens! Fate! Whatever is it!
18RecitativeApolloDaphne, where are you? I cannot find you.
What new miracle has taken you away, changed you and hidden you?
May the cold of winter never harm you nor the thunder of heaven touch your sacred and glorious foliage.
19AriaApolloDear laurel, with my tears I shall water your green leaves;
with your triumphant branches will I crown the greatest heroes.
If I cannot hold you in my bosom, Daphne, at least on my brow will I wear you.