Antrodia


Antrodia is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Antrodia species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate, with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.

Description

Antrodia are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape. Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for A. albida, which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees.

Distribution

Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe, 21 species in North America, and 18 species in East Asia, although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.

Taxonomy

The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden, in their monograph North American Polypores.
In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal Antrodia, genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed. These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Antrodia.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Antrodia:
  • Antrodia afrosinuosa Ryvarden
  • Antrodia albida Donk
  • Antrodia alpina Gilb. & Ryvarden
  • Antrodia angulopora Ryvarden
  • Antrodia aurantia Lodge, Ryvarden & Perd.-Sánch.
  • Antrodia bambusicola Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui – China
  • Antrodia bohemica Ryvarden & Melo
  • Antrodia calceus Teixeira
  • Antrodia conchata D.A. Reid
  • Antrodia eutelea Ryvarden
  • Antrodia favescens Vlasák & Spirin
  • Antrodia gossypium Ryvarden
  • Antrodia griseoflavescens Runnel, Spirin & K.H. Larss.
  • Antrodia heteromorpha Donk
  • Antrodia hingganensis Y.C. Dai & Penttilä
  • Antrodia hippophaes Ryvarden
  • Antrodia huangshanensis Y.C. Dai & B.K. Cui
  • Antrodia labyrinthica Melo & Ryvarden
  • Antrodia lalashana T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou
  • Antrodia latebrosa Spirin, Ryvarden & Miettinen
  • Antrodia macra Niemelä
  • Antrodia macrospora Bernicchia & De Dominicis
  • Antrodia madronae Vlasák & Ryvarden – western USA
  • Antrodia mappa Miettinen & Vlasák
  • Antrodia multiformis Vlasák – USA
  • Antrodia multipapillata T. Hatt.
  • Antrodia neotropica Kaipper-Fig., Robledo & Drechsler-Santos
  • Antrodia novae-zelandiae P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden
  • Antrodia parvula Ryvarden
  • Antrodia peregrina Spirin, Y.C. Dai & Vlasák
  • Antrodia pictilis Teng
  • Antrodia plicata Niemelä
  • Antrodia porothelioides Ryvarden
  • Antrodia pseudosinuosa A. Henrici & Ryvarden
  • Antrodia ramentacea Donk
  • Antrodia renehenticii Melo & Ryvarden
  • Antrodia rhizomorpha J.R. Sharma
  • Antrodia rupamii Virdi
  • Antrodia sandaliae Bernicchia & Ryvarden
  • Antrodia sinuosa P. Karst.
  • Antrodia subalbidoides A. David & Dequatre
  • Antrodia submalicola A. David & Dequatre
  • Antrodia subramentacea A. David & Dequatre
  • Antrodia subserpens B.K. Cui & Yuan Y. Chen
  • Antrodia tanakae Spirin & Miettinen
  • Antrodia taxa T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou
  • Antrodia tenerifensis Kout & Vlasák – Tenerife
  • Antrodia terryi P. Karst.
  • Antrodia tropica B.K. Cui – China
  • Antrodia wangii Y.C. Dai & H.S. Yuan
  • Antrodia yunnanensis M.L. Han & Q. An