Angiokeratoma
Angiokeratoma is a benign cutaneous lesion of capillaries, resulting in small marks of red to blue color and characterized by hyperkeratosis. Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum refers to Fabry's disease, but this is usually considered a distinct condition.
Signs and symptoms
Presentation includes telangiectasia, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis.
Presentation can be solitary or systemic.
Multiple angiokeratomas, especially on the trunk in young people, are typical for Fabry disease, genetic disorder connected with systemic complications.
Complications
In some instances nodular angiokeratomas can produce necrotic tissue and valleys that can harbor fungal, bacterial and viral infections. Infections can include staphylococcus. If the lesion becomes painful, begins draining fluids or pus, or begins to smell, a doctor may recommend excision and grafting.
Pathophysiology
Histology
Angiokeratomas characteristically have large dilated blood vessels in the superficial dermis and hyperkeratosis.
Diagnosis
Classification
Angiokeratoma may be classified as:Angiokeratoma of Mibelli consists of 1- to 5-mm red vascular papules, the surfaces of which become hyperkeratotic in the course of time. The disease is named after Italian dermatologist Vittorio Mibelli.Angiokeratoma of Fordyce is a skin condition characterized by red to blue papules on the scrotum or vulva.Solitary angiokeratoma is a small, bluish-black, warty papule that occurs predominantly on the lower extremities.Verrucous vascular malformation is a malformation of dermal and subcutaneous capillaries and veins, a congenital vascular malformation, which, over time, a verrucous component appears.
Treatment
Different treatment options exist including cryotherapy, laser therapy, and excision.