Angan languages


The Angan or Kratke Range languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. The Angan languages are clearly valid as a family. They were first identified as such by J. Lloyd and A. Healey in 1968; Wurm classified them as Trans–New Guinea. Glottolog treats Angan as a separate or unclassified family, ignoring further evidence.
The languages are spoken in the Kratke Range of Eastern Highlands Province and adjoining areas of Gulf Province and Morobe Province.

Languages

Ross classifies the languages as follows:
Branch A is defined by the pronouns ni and ti. Ankave is not listed in Ross's classification. It has the pronouns based on ni, but not a based on ti.
Usher is both more agnostic and contradicting of Ross's 'A' and 'B' branches:
  • Kratke Range
  • * Angaataha
  • * Yagwoia
  • * Northeast: Kamasa, Kawacha, Safeyoka, Susuami
  • * Northwest: Baruya, Simbari
  • * Southeast: Hamtai, Menya
  • * Southwest: Akoye – Tainae, Angave
Menya is notable for its dyadic kinship terms , which are rare globally and not prevalent in Papua New Guinea.
Many Angan languages are covered by phonological sketches in Lloyd.

Pronouns

Ross reconstructs the pronouns as follows:

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from the Trans-New Guinea database:
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate or not.
glossAnkaveAkoyeBaruyaHamtaiKamasaKawachaMenyaSafeyokaSimbariTainaeYagwoiaAngaataha
headmɨngamɨnggaayamɨnyagɨnyamngamagɨnamunakɨnamnyangamɨnakɨnamintamɨnggaaimnakɨnamɨtɨ-'o
hairnda'an̩daamɨjatamtanjisamsa'amta; ndamɨsamindataṃdemsaasamɨsis-a'a
earhaara'aaraakadɨkaqatakata'akaatɨgaqatahaarahakaantɨkaaarɨqatisaatɨ'-ɨrɨ
eyesɨmuaagwaaitɨnnahingotumatɨmmahingwatɨmasɨmtahaagwehinant-a'a
nosesɨ'mahamɨsɨnnahimasipatalɨpasihimazamaanasɨmputahamɨhimsamant-a'a
toothmaangɨmaagamaangamaangamaangamaangaheqwaangamaangamaankamaagemaanamank-ɨrɨ
tongueaai'wɨaabgwa; aavwiataalɨtaaaiwatewatevatewameraanyakwaavlɨlɨaaveonahyaalsaomas-a'a
legsugwaaviagaavgasɨvɨlayangasugwalɨvyazukazɨvesɨwlahabgu'kwapɨtwalyɨau'-ɨrɨ
louseiyayeyɨleiyaa'aaiyaiyayaaqaiyaailande'ilaakɨrɨ-'o
dogsɨwiatayojɨlɨkahive'aasuyalɨvaayahivyeqazɨwasanjɨlɨkatɨyowakyɨsu'-ɨrɨ
birdingainkoyutaingamanɨwamɨnavaayayingayɨhuvantaqatɨinkoqaikwɨsako-'o
eggki'mɨngam̩gekwarakamngahi'imɨyamɨnyaqwimɨnapantaptaṃge'; munke'mnakwaatani-patɨ; nameraa-'o
bloodtaanggataagitawehinge'aakwelangaayahangeqasaahana; yaa'mpazamɨnjaakataagi'msaasansɨtɨ-patɨ
boneenga'yanggaiyagɨnyayangayakinayakɨnayaangayakanayankintayɨnggaiyekɨnaantɨ-tatɨ
skinyaraayarakɨlaakahewapa'apaahviwapaahakɨlaakayaranaaa'mosaampɨ-patɨ
breastaamungaaamɨgoaawɨnyaaamgaaanyaaamɨnaaangwaaamnaaamɨntaaamugo'aamnaamwɨtɨ'-ɨrɨ
treeika'iga'itaiyaisaigaiyaiyaikaigyaisai-patɨ
manogaavo; waakokwalaqokakwe'wakwe; kwoyavaqokahwekwalaavokwalawo-'o
womanaavagiabaagibalaaapakaamaaa'me; apiapakaapeaampalaavaagiaapalaapop-aatɨ
sunsanggwaavgwonyɨlamapamapemapiyamapa mapekwɨnja; nilyahabgo'mapyaipɨ-'o
moonema'aamnggolangwaqaamngaki'yapakaamɨnaqaangwahaamnalampaakaimo'lamnyɨwaatɨ-'o
wateryɨnungguinaagaaalyae'aakweaayaeqaaayaaalya; wanyanaaguaalyɨwapo'-o
fireta'atadɨkatata'atɨgatatɨhantɨkataatɨsasis-a'a
stonesa'angaandagasɨlahawategalaasahikazasasɨlahaaihekyɨnaw-a'a
nameavaa'nankanantagayaya yav'anyanyaawoyavyayavqayaveyavatataagɨyawyɨampɨ-patɨ
eatn̲eo'n̲amda'n̲ɨwa'qan̲'iinyominyoan̲kihaṉkahaan̲aantapyɨnɨmda'hisa n̲aatanananataise
onenaawonafonu'pɨrɨ' fati hunanɨnkouwa'nahɨnkwonaingava'napɨrɨ'mɨnafonohɨnkwa'nanas-
twouwafaainapɨrɨwaai hivaa'uhukwegohuvaa'uhɨnqwaaqwohuvaa'upɨvɨraalnafoyahulwaaqwɨya-