Amos 2


Amos 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Amos in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. In the Hebrew Bible, Amos is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. The book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Amos. This chapter contains his prophecies regarding God's judgment against Moab, Judah, and Israel, following a pattern established in chapter 1.

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 16 verses. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis, the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets, Aleppo Codex, Codex Leningradensis.
Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q78 with extant verses 11–16; 4Q82 with extant verses 1, 7–9, 15–16; and Wadi Murabba'at with extant verse 1.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus, Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Marchalianus and Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 846.

Contents and commentary

This chapter continues the use of the numerical proverb format established in chapter 1.

Oracle against Moab (Verses 1–3)

Despite the literary closures, this oracle seems to form a larger pattern with the others. The Moabites were related to Lot and therefore to Abraham and his descendants. The crime of Moab probably is more about sacrilege, with bones mentioned also in 6:9–10; verse 2b echoing 1:14b; and the trumpet reappears in 3:6, in a similar context.
  • "He burned the bones of the King of Edom into lime": This profanation of the corpse by the Moabite people is not mentioned in any historical documents. Some historical commentators, such as Jacobus Tirinus and Cornelius a Lapide, think that the prophet wants to show that 'the sympathy of God extends beyond the covenant people, and that he punishes wrongs inflicted even on heathen nations'. The event probably happened in relation to the coalition of the king of Edom with Jehoram and Jehoshaphat against Mesha, the King of Moab, who made inscription on Mesha Stele at Dibon mentioned the war against Edom. Jerome quotes a Jewish tradition stating that after this war the Moab people dug up and dishonored the bones of king of Edom in revenge for the assistance he had given to the Israelites. Edom was then a vassal of Judah, but regained its independence about ten years later.
  • 'Sound', in verse 2, is qol, cf. Amos 1:2.

Oracle against Judah (verses 4-5)

The editors of the Jerusalem Bible suggest that this oracle may have been a later addition to the text.
  • "For three transgressions of Judah": There is no difference in the treatment of Jews and Gentiles (cf.. "...as many as have signed in the law, shall be judged by the law", as Jerome notes "those other nations, Damascus and the rest, he upbraids not for having cast away the law of God, and despised His commandments, for they had not the written law, but that of nature only. So then of them he says, that "they corrupted all their compassions"... but Judah... had the worship of God and the temple and its rites, and had received the law and commandments... is rebuked and convicted by the Lord, for that it had "cast aside His law and not kept His commandments;" wherefore it should be punished as it deserved".

Verse 10

  • "Also I": Used by God to remind the people of the good things he did as a motive to obedience.
  • "Forty years through the wilderness": During those "forty years" the law was rehearsed and the people were daily supplied with the manna, the water from the rock, as well as the deliverance from the serpents and other dangers, so the journey through the wilderness was not just a punishment but also a blend of kindness.
  • "The land of the Amorite": refers to the whole land of Canaan as the Amorites were the principal nation of it in the past.

Jewish

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Christian

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