Ambracian Gulf
The Ambracian Gulf, also known as the Gulf of Arta or the Gulf of Actium, and in some official documents as the Amvrakikos Gulf, is a gulf of the Ionian Sea in northwestern Greece. About long and wide, it is one of the largest enclosed gulfs in Greece, and due to its ecological importance is one of the National Parks of Greece. The towns of Preveza, Amphilochia, and Vonitsa lie on its shores.
Name
The gulf takes its name from the ancient city of Ambracia located near its shores. Its alternative name comes from the medieval city of Arta, located in the same place as ancient Ambracia.Geography
The entrance to the gulf is through a -wide channel between Aktio on the south and Preveza on the north; a recent road tunnel connects the two. The gulf is quite shallow, and its northern shore is broken by numerous marshes, large parts of which form an estuary system. The Louros and Arachthos rivers drain into it; for this reason it is warmer and less salty than the Ionian, and a current flows from the gulf into the sea. It is rich in grey mullet, sole, and eel, and is also very famous for the local variety of large shrimp. It is home to Melibe viridis, a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tethydidae. Sea turtles and dolphins regularly make an appearance, while it contains lagoons very important for birds, attracting among others pelicans and flamingoes.History
The Ambracian Gulf was the site of the Battle of Actium, in which Augustus' forces defeated those of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. Battle of Preveza, which Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa defeated the Holy League's admiral Andrea Doria, held on the very same gulf in 1538. From Greek independence until the Second Balkan War, the gulf formed part of the border between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire.The remains of numerous ancient cities lie on its shores: Nicopolis, Argos Ippatum, Limnaea, Preveza and Olpae.