Alphapapillomavirus


Alphapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Papillomaviridae. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include warts, papillomas, and malignant tumours. The genital-type species known to carry a high risk for malignancy are HPV-16 and 18, and those with a low risk of malignancy are HPV-6 and 11.

Taxonomy

The following species are assigned to the genus:Alphapapillomavirus 1Alphapapillomavirus 2Alphapapillomavirus 3Alphapapillomavirus 4Alphapapillomavirus 5Alphapapillomavirus 6Alphapapillomavirus 7Alphapapillomavirus 8Alphapapillomavirus 9Alphapapillomavirus 10Alphapapillomavirus 11Alphapapillomavirus 12Alphapapillomavirus 13

Structure

Viruses in Alphapapillomavirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are circular, around 8kb in length.
GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AlphapapillomavirusIcosahedralT=7Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and ribosomal shunting. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown.
Humans and monkeys serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual and contact.
GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AlphapapillomavirusHumans; monkeysEpithelial: mucous; epithelial: skinCell receptor endocytosisLysisNucleusNucleusSex; contact