Alopecosa
Alopecosa is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae, with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.
Life cycle
Most species grow up to 2 cm. Alopecosa females make a burrow in which they deposit their egg sac. The female then stays in the burrow guarding the sac until the eggs hatch.Taxonomy
The species in this genus have been traditionally grouped into sibling species complexes based on morphological characters, but, as morphology-based taxonomy can be unreliable, alternative methods have also been employed to identify species correctly. For example, differences in observed courtship and copulation behaviour have proved to be a useful tool for species identification and delimitation, particularly in cryptic species. Molecular techniques have also been applied to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between some species.Species
, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:- Alopecosa accentuata – Europe
- Alopecosa aculeata – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
- Alopecosa akkolka Marusik, 1995 – Kazakhstan, China
- Alopecosa albofasciata – Mediterranean to Central Asia
- Alopecosa albonotata – Russia
- Alopecosa albostriata – Russia
- Alopecosa albovittata – Russia
- Alopecosa alpicola – Spain, France, Italy, Russia, China, Caucasus?, Kazakhstan?
- Alopecosa andesiana – Ecuador
- Alopecosa artenarensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa atis Caporiacco, 1949 – Libya
- Alopecosa auripilosa – Russia, China, Korea
- Alopecosa aurita Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
- Alopecosa ayubaevorum Fomichev & Logunov, 2015 – Russia
- Alopecosa azsheganovae Esyunin, 1996 – Russia
- Alopecosa balinensis – Indonesia
- Alopecosa beckeri – Ukraine
- Alopecosa camerunensis Roewer, 1960 – Cameroon
- Alopecosa canaricola Schmidt, 1982 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa cedroensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa chagyabensis Hu & Li, 1987 – China
- Alopecosa cinnameopilosa – Kazakhstan, Russia, China, Korea, Japan
- Alopecosa cronebergi – Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa cuneata – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, China
- Alopecosa cursor – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Iran, Central Asia, China
- Alopecosa cursorioides Charitonov, 1969 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
- Alopecosa curtohirta Tang, Urita & Song, 1993 – China
- Alopecosa deserta Ponomarev, 2007 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa disca Tang, Yin & Yang, 1997 – China
- Alopecosa dryada Cordes, 1996 – Greece
- Alopecosa edax – Poland, China
- Alopecosa ermolaevi Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa etrusca Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 – Italy, North Macedonia, Turkey
- Alopecosa exasperans – Canada, Greenland
- Alopecosa fabrilis – Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, China
- Alopecosa farinosa – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran?
- Alopecosa fedotovi – Central Asia
- Alopecosa fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa fulvastra Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
- Alopecosa gachangensis Seo, 2017 – Korea
- Alopecosa garamantica – Libya
- Alopecosa gomerae – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa gracilis – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa grancanariensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa hamata – China
- Alopecosa hermiguensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa himalayaensis Hu, 2001 – China
- Alopecosa hingganica Tang, Urita & Song, 1993 – Mongolia, China
- Alopecosa hirta – Russia
- Alopecosa hirtipes – Canada, USA, Russia
- Alopecosa hoevelsi Schmidt & Barensteiner, 2000 – China
- Alopecosa hokkaidensis Tanaka, 1985 – Russia, China, Japan
- Alopecosa huabanna Chen, Song & Gao, 2000 – China
- Alopecosa hui Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
- Alopecosa inderensis Ponomarev, 2007 – Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa inimica – Tajikistan
- Alopecosa inquilina – Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa irinae Lobanova, 1978 – Russia
- Alopecosa kalahariana Roewer, 1960 – Botswana
- Alopecosa kalavrita Buchar, 2001 – Greece
- Alopecosa kaplanovi Oliger, 1983 – Russia
- Alopecosa kasakhstanica Savelyeva, 1972 – Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa kochi – North America
- Alopecosa koponeni Blagoev & Dondale, 2014 – Canada
- Alopecosa kovblyuki Nadolny & Ponomarev, 2012 – Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa kratochvili – China
- Alopecosa krynickii – Ukraine
- Alopecosa kulczynski Sternbergs, 1979 – Russia
- Alopecosa kulczynskii – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa kulsaryensis Ponomarev, 2012 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa kungurica Esyunin, 1996 – Russia
- Alopecosa kuntzi Denis, 1953 – Italy, Turkey, Russia, Yemen
- Alopecosa laciniosa – Spain, France
- Alopecosa lallemandi – Ecuador
- Alopecosa latifasciata – Central Asia
- Alopecosa leonhardii – Australia
- Alopecosa lessertiana Brignoli, 1983 – China
- Alopecosa licenti – Russia, Mongolia, China, Korea
- Alopecosa lindbergi Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan
- Alopecosa linzhan Chen & Song, 2003 – China
- Alopecosa litvinovi Izmailova, 1989 – Russia
- Alopecosa longicymbia Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa madigani – Australia
- Alopecosa mariae – Italy, Central Europe to Ukraine and south-eastern Europe, Russia, China
- Alopecosa marikovskyi Logunov, 2013 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa medvedevi Ponomarev, 2009 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa michaelseni – Chile
- Alopecosa mikhailovi Omelko, Marusik & Koponen, 2013 – Russia
- Alopecosa moesta – Argentina
- Alopecosa mojonia – Argentina
- Alopecosa moriutii Tanaka, 1985 – Russia, Korea, Japan
- Alopecosa mutabilis – Russia, USA
- Alopecosa nagpag Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
- Alopecosa nemurensis – Japan
- Alopecosa nigricans – Argentina, Falkland Is.
- Alopecosa nitidus Hu, 2001 – China
- Alopecosa notabilis – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa nybelini Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan
- Alopecosa oahuensis – Hawaii
- Alopecosa obscura Schmidt, 1980 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa obsoleta – Turkmenistan
- Alopecosa ogorodica Trilikauskas & Azarkina, 2014 – Russia
- Alopecosa orbisaca Peng, Yin, Zhang & Kim, 1997 – China
- Alopecosa orophila – Myanmar
- Alopecosa orotavensis – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa osa Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia
- Alopecosa osellai Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 – Spain
- Alopecosa ovalis Chen, Song & Gao, 2000 – China
- Alopecosa palmae Schmidt, 1982 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa passibilis – China
- Alopecosa pelusiaca – North Africa
- Alopecosa pentheri – Italy, south-eastern Europe, Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus
- Alopecosa pictilis – North America, Russia
- Alopecosa pinetorum – Europe, Caucasus, Russia
- Alopecosa psammophila Buchar, 2001 – Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania
- Alopecosa pseudocuneata – China
- Alopecosa pulverulenta – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, China, Korea, Japan
- Alopecosa pulverulenta tridentina – Austria
- Alopecosa raddei – Central Asia
- Alopecosa rapa – Kiribati
- Alopecosa restricta Mello-Leitão, 1940 – Argentina
- Alopecosa rosea Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
- Alopecosa saurica Marusik, 1995 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa schmidti – Sweden, Central to eastern and south-eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran
- Alopecosa sciophila Ponomarev, 2008 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa sibirica – Russia, Mongolia, China
- Alopecosa simoni – Mediterranean
- Alopecosa sokhondoensis Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia
- Alopecosa solitaria – Italy, Central to south-eastern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa solivaga – Russia, Mongolia, China
- Alopecosa solivaga annulata – Russia
- Alopecosa solivaga borea – Russia
- Alopecosa solivaga katunjica – Russia
- Alopecosa solivaga lineata – Russia
- Alopecosa spasskyi Ponomarev, 2008 – Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa spinata Yu & Song, 1988 – China
- Alopecosa steppica Ponomarev, 2007 – Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa striatipes – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus
- Alopecosa sublimbata Roewer, 1960 – Equatorial Guinea
- Alopecosa subrufa – Russia, Mongolia, China
- Alopecosa subsolitaria Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa subvalida Guy, 1966 – Morocco
- Alopecosa sulzeri – Europe, Caucasus, Russia, Kazakhstan
- Alopecosa taeniata – Europe, Russia
- Alopecosa taeniopus – Greece to China
- Alopecosa tanakai Omelko & Marusik, 2008 – Russia
- Alopecosa thaleri Hepner & Paulus, 2007 – Canary Is.
- Alopecosa trabalis – Europe, Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia
- Alopecosa tunetana Roewer, 1960 – Tunisia
- Alopecosa upembania Roewer, 1960 – Congo
- Alopecosa valida – Morocco, Algeria
- Alopecosa virgata – Russia, Korea, Japan
- Alopecosa volubilis Yoo, Kim & Tanaka, 2004 – Russia, Korea, Japan
- Alopecosa wenxianensis Tang, Yin & Yang, 1997 – China
- Alopecosa werneri – Algeria
- Alopecosa xiningensis Hu, 2001 – China
- Alopecosa xinjiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989 – Mongolia, China
- Alopecosa xuelin Tang & Zhang, 2004 – China
- Alopecosa yamalensis Esyunin, 1996 – Russia
- Alopecosa zyuzini Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia, Mongolia
Dubious names
- Alopecosa reimoseri
- ''Alopecosa strandi''
Distribution and habitat