Ali Suavi


Ali Suavi was an Ottoman Turk political activist, journalist, educator, theologian and reformer. He was exiled to Kastamonu because of his writings against Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz. He is one of the first Pan-Turkists in the Ottoman period.

Biography

He taught at an elementary school in Bursa, preached at the Sehzade Mosque in Istanbul, wrote for Filip Efendi’s newspaper Muhbir, and worked in different positions at offices in Simav, Plovdiv, and Sofia. He was a member of the Young Ottomans and editor of its official journal. He was also one of the contributors of pan-Islamist newspaper Basiret.
In 1867 he escaped prosecution by fleeing to Paris along with fellow Young Ottomans Namık Kemal and Ziya Pasha, where he stayed until Abdülaziz was dethroned in 1876. With his background in journalism, Suavi was placed in charge of the first Young Ottoman publication to appear in Europe, Muhbir. The newspaper eventually became an embarrassment to the Young Ottomans, who soon thereafter requested that Suavi remove the Young Ottoman association with the publication. Suavi drifted around to various cities in Europe and grew bitter against the Young Ottomans, continuing to publish elsewhere, including a newspaper named "Ulûm Gazetesi" that he wrote, edited, and published himself. He lambasted both the republican Young Ottomans and the monarchist Ottoman Sultan's government alike as enemies of the people. Despite his opposition to the contemporary Sultan's government, Suavi's writings showed great respect to the institution of the Sultan, which in his belief would best be filled, for the common good of the people, by an enlightened absolutist.
After the conservative Abdul Hamid II became sultan, Suavi attempted a coup in 1878 known as the Çırağan incident in an attempt to end the increasing authoritarianism and reinstall Murad V, who had been sympathetic to liberal ideals. The coup failed and Ali Suavi was killed in the attempt. According to "İngiliz" Said Pasha, moments before his death, Ali Suavi took Murad's arm and said to him, "O our Lord, come, deliver us from the Muscovites."

Publications

  • A Propos de L'Herzegovine
  • Ali Paşa'nın Siyaseti
  • Defter-i Âmâl-i Ali Paşa
  • Devlet Yüz On Altı Buçuk Milyon Borçtan Kurtuluyor
  • Hive
  • Hukuku'ş-Şevari
  • Montenegro
  • Nesayih-i Ebu Hanife Kamusu'l Ulûm Vel Maârif
  • Saydu'l Mefkûd
  • Taharriyat-ı Suavi alâ Tarih-i Türk
  • Usul-i Fıkıh Nam Risalenin Tercümesi