Ahmad Ghaffari Qazvini
Ahmad Ghaffari Qazvini was a scribe and historian in Safavid Iran, who composed two Persian universal histories, the and.
A native of Qazvin, Ahmad Ghaffari belonged to a distinguished lineage, known for their roles as scholars and officials. His family was descended from Najm al-Din al-Qazwini al-Katibi, a prominent scholar of the Shafi'i school in Sunni Islam. Ahmad Ghaffari's paternal grandfather Abd-al-Ghaffar served as the army judge under the Aq Qoyunlu. Ahmad Ghaffari's father Mohammad Ghaffari held the office of chief judge of Ray during the reign of Shah Ismail I, and was also a cousin of Qazi Isa Savaji, a distinguished vizier of the Aq Qoyunlu.
Ahmad Ghaffari began his career under Shah Tahmasp I as a court scribe but soon found himself working for the latters younger brother Sam Mirza. In 1552, Ahmad Ghaffari composed the and dedicated it to Shah Tahmasp I. In 1563/64, he composed the, which was also dedicated to Shah Tahmasp I. Ahmad Ghaffari traveled to the Hijaz on a pilgrimage later in Shah Tahmasp I's reign. He traveled to Mughal India in 1568 from the Hijaz, but died in Debal, a port city in the Sindh region near present-day Karachi in Pakistan.