Ahl al-Ra'y


Ahl ar-ra'y were an early Islamic movement advocating the use of reasoning to arrive at legal decisions. They were one of three main groups debating sources of Islamic law in the second century of Islam, the other two being ahl al-kalam and ashab al-hadith.
Its proponents, which included many early jurists of the Hanafi and Maliki schools, used the term ra'y to refer to "sound" or "considered" reasoning, such as qiyas. Their opponents from the ahl al-hadith movement held that the Quran and authentic hadith were the only admissible sources of Islamic law, and objected to any use of ra'y in jurisprudence, whether in the form of qiyas, istislah, or hiyal. According to Daniel W. Brown, Ahl al- raʾy thought ahadith should "sometimes be subject to other overriding principles" such as the "continuous practice" of the Ummah and "general principles of equity" which better represented "the spirit" of the Prophet of Islam.
Over time, Hanafi and Maliki jurists gradually came to accept the primacy of the Quran and hadith advocated by the ahl al-hadith movement, restricting the use of other forms of legal reasoning to interpretation of these scriptures. In turn, Hanbali jurists, who had led the ahl al-hadith movement, gradually came to accept the use of qiyas as long as its application was strictly founded on scriptural sources.