Adilabad


Adilabad, ''', is a city and the district headquarters of Adilabad district, in the Indian state of Telangana. The official languages of Adilabad are Telugu and Urdu. Marathi, Lambadi, and Gondi are additionally spoken by sections of the population. Adilabad is known for its extensive cultivation of cotton, a major agricultural crop in the region and is often referred to as the "White Gold City" due to the economic importance of cotton production. It is located approximately north of the state capital, Hyderabad, from Nizamabad, and from Nagpur.

History

Before the 10th century, the town was known by names like Edlawāḍa and Eddulapuram, meaning 'Land of Oxen'. Later, during the Qutub Shahi rule in the mid-19th century, it was renamed Edlabad or Adilabad. Adilabad derives its name from the erstwhile ruler of Bijapur, Muhammad Yusuf Adil Shah. Historically, it did not function as a homogenous administrative unit for the extended period. Historically, the area was ruled by many dynasties, including the Kakatiyas, Mauryas, Satavahanas, Chalukyas, Qutub Shahis, Asaf Jahis, and by Gond Rajas of earlier sub-districts Sirpur and Chanda. The district was formed in 1872, and in 1905 it was recognized as an independent district with an own headquarters. Over time, its boundaries were reorganized as various areas were merged or separated. Following the creation of Telangana state in 2016, the district was further subdivided into four districts: Adilabad, Nirmal, Asifabad, and Mancherial.

Languages

is the most widely spoken language in Adilabad with about 65% of population using it as their mother tongue. Due to geographical proximity with state of Maharashtra, Marathi is also commonly spoken and understood, accounting for 10.5% as native speakers. Other languages used include Hindi, Urdu and Gondi.

Geography

Adilabad has an average elevation of above the sea level. The district shares its boundaries with the Nirmal district of Telangana to the south, Komaram Bheem district to the east, Nanded district to the west, and the Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra to the north.
The Kuntala Waterfall and rivers such as the Godavari and Painganga flow through the district. Mavala Lake, built during the Nizam period, is situated south of Adilabad city and a has a park adjacent to it. Other waterfalls in Adilabad include Pochara and Gayatri, where various rope activities are conducted year-round. The Saptha Gundala waterfalls, which consist of seven small waterfalls, are accessible only by trekking due to their remote forest location.

Climate

Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, the city Adilabad had a total population of. The gender breakdown was males, females, resulting in a ratio of 971 females per 1,000 males. Children in the 0–6 years age group numbered 12,993. The average literacy rate of Adilabad was 80.45%. The urban agglomeration population of the city was 139,383, the urban agglomeration includes the population of its constituent census town and outgrowth, Dasnapur, which had a population of 22,216.

Politics

The Adilabad Lok Sabha constituencies is one of the 17 parliamentary in the Indian state of Telangana and consists of eight Legislative Assembly segments.

Economy

The economy of the city primarily driven by trade, small-scale industries, government services, and agriculture-related activities. The city is a major cotton trading center, earning it the nickname "City of Cotton" due to the large volume of cotton procured and marketed from surrounding rural areas. It hosts several cotton ginning and pressing mills, along with agro-processing units for oil extraction and other commodities. Tourism-related services benefit from visitors to nearby attractions such as Kuntala Waterfall and Kawal Tiger Reserve. Recent developments include the establishment of an information technology tower to promote technology-based employment.

Education

Adilabad is home to several educational institutions. These include the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Adilabad, a government medical college and hospital. Other institutions in the city are several engineering and degree colleges, polytechnic colleges, and a large number of primary and secondary schools run by both government and private bodies.

Transport

Road

National highways like NH 44 and NH 353B pass through Adilabad. Hyderabad is 310 km from Adilabad. Nagpur is 196 km away from Adilabad.

Bus

The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation operates bus services from Adilabad to various destinations across Telangana and neighboring states. The city's bus station provides direct connectivity to major cities including Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Nizamabad, and Khammam in Telangana, Guntur, Vijayawada, and Ongole in Andhra Pradesh, Nagpur in Maharashtra. Services are also available to small towns such as Mancherial, Nirmal, Asifabad, Yavatmal, Nanded, and Utnur.

Railway

The Adilabad has a railway station which lies on the Mudkhed-Majri section of the Nanded railway division of the South Central Railway.

Air

The nearest operational airports close to the city Adilabad are Nanded Airport in Maharashtra which is away from the city, Nagpur Airport in Maharashtra which is and the state capital Hyderabad Airport, which is away from the city.
As of December 2025, a proposed greenfield airport for Adilabad under the UDAN scheme remains in the planning stage and expected to complete end on the year 2026.

Landmarks