Adenophora


Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells. Most of the species in the genus are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia.

Description

These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes. The corollas of most species are blue. There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens.

Species

There are 68 species currently accepted as Adenophora. These are:
  • Adenophora amurica – Heilongjiang
  • Adenophora biformifolia – Inner Mongolia
  • Adenophora biloba – Inner Mongolia
  • Adenophora borealis – Inner Mongolia and Hebei
  • Adenophora brevidiscifera – Sichuan
  • Adenophora capillaris – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Adenophora changaica – Mongolia
  • Adenophora coelestis – Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Adenophora contracta – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
  • Adenophora cordifolia – Henan
  • Adenophora daqingshanica – Inner Mongolia
  • Adenophora dawuensis – Sichuan
  • Adenophora delavayi – northwestern Yunnan
  • Adenophora divaricata – spreading-branch ladybell – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
  • Adenophora elata – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
  • Adenophora fusifolia – South Korea
  • Adenophora gmelinii – narrow-leaf ladybell, Jejudo ladybell – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
  • Adenophora golubinzevaeana – Krasnoyarsk
  • Adenophora grandiflora – big-flower ladybell – Korea
  • Adenophora hatsushimae – Kyushu
  • Adenophora himalayana – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
  • Adenophora hubeiensis – Hubei
  • Adenophora × izuensis – Honshu
  • Adenophora jacutica – Yakutiya
  • Adenophora jasionifolia – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Adenophora khasiana – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
  • Adenophora lamarckii – Lamark's ladybell – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
  • Adenophora liliifolia – lily-leaf ladybell – central and eastern Europe east to Xinjiang
  • Adenophora liliifolioides – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
  • Adenophora linearifolia – Sichuan
  • Adenophora lobophylla – Sichuan
  • Adenophora longipedicellata – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
  • Adenophora maximowicziana – Shikoku
  • Adenophora micrantha – Inner Mongolia
  • Adenophora morrisonensis – Taiwan
  • Adenophora nikoensis – Honshu
  • Adenophora ningxianica – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
  • Adenophora palustris – marsh ladybell – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
  • Adenophora pereskiifolia – Manchurian ladybell, Korean ladybell, racemose ladybell, Gayasan ladybell – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
  • Adenophora petiolata – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
  • Adenophora pinifolia – Liaoning
  • Adenophora polyantha – many-flower ladybell – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
  • Adenophora potaninii – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
  • Adenophora probatovae – Primorye
  • Adenophora remotidens – Incheon ladybell – Korea
  • Adenophora remotiflora – scattered ladybell – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
  • Adenophora rupestris – Irkutsk
  • Adenophora rupincola – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
  • Adenophora sajanensis – Krasnoyarsk
  • Adenophora sinensis – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
  • Adenophora stenanthina – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
  • Adenophora stenophylla – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
  • Adenophora stricta – upright ladybell – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
  • Adenophora subjenisseensis – central Siberia
  • Adenophora sublata – Primorye, Khabarovsk
  • Adenophora taiwaniana – Taiwan
  • Adenophora takedae – Honshu
  • Adenophora tashiroi – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
  • Adenophora taurica – Crimea
  • Adenophora trachelioides – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
  • Adenophora tricuspidata – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
  • Adenophora triphylla – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
  • Adenophora tuvinica – Tuva
  • Adenophora uryuensis – Hokkaido
  • Adenophora wilsonii – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
  • Adenophora wulingshanica – Beijing
  • Adenophora xiaoxiensis – Hunan
  • Adenophora xifengensis – Gansu

Uses

Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.