Acanthopagrus


Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

Taxonomy

Acanthopagrus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1855 by the German zoologist Wilhelm Peters, with its only species, and type species, being Chrysophrys vagus which Peters had described in 1852 from Sena on the Zambezi River in Mozambqiue. The genus Acanthopagrus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World. Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.

Etymology

Acanthopagrus is a compound of acanthus, meaning "thorn" or "spine", this allusion was not explained by Peters but may be a reference to the robust spines on the dorsal fin and the enlarged second anal-fin spine of the type species, with pagrus, which is derived from phagros, an ancient Greek name for sea breams, used as far back as Aristotle's life.

Species

There are currently 22 recognized species in this genus:Acanthopagrus akazakii Iwatsuki, Kimura & Yoshino, 2006 Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 Acanthopagrus australis Günther, 1859 Acanthopagrus berda Fabricius, 1775 Acanthopagrus bifasciatus Forsskål, 1775 Acanthopagrus butcheri Munro, 1949 Acanthopagrus catenula Lacépède, 1801 Acanthopagrus chinshira Kume & Yoshino, 2008 Acanthopagrus oconnorae Pombo-Ayora, Viktor N. Peinemann, Collin T. Williams, Song He, Yu Jia Lin, Yukio Iwatsuki, Donal D. C. Bradley and Berumen, 2022Acanthopagrus datnia Hamilton, 1822 Acanthopagrus estuarius Acanthopagrus latus Houttuyn, 1782 Acanthopagrus morrisoni Iwatsuki, 2013 Acanthopagrus oconnorae Pombo-Ayora & Peinemann, 2022 Acanthopagrus omanensis Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2010 Acanthopagrus pacificus Iwatsuki, Kume & Yoshino, 2010 Acanthopagrus palmaris Whiltey, 1935 Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki & K. E. Carpenter, 2009 Acanthopagrus schlegelii Bleeker, 1854

Characteristics

Acanthopagrus sea breams are characterised by the possessopn of a number of pairs of large, peg-shaped canines in the front of the jaw, an outer row of shorter canines along each side of the jaws and a few inner rows of rounded molar-like teeth at the rear of the jaws. The molar-like teeth become slightly larger towards the rear of each jaw. The dorsal fin is supported by between 12 and 15, infrequently 10 or 11, segmented rays and the anal fin is supported by 8 to 10 segmented rays. The second spine of the anal fin is very robust and is markedly longer than the third spines. Most of the scales are ctenoid but there are no scales on the space between the eyes. They have moderately deep compressed bodies and moderately large eyes. Their overall colour is silvery with a darker back and paler belly. The largest species in the genus is the goldsilk seabream with a maximum published total length of while the smallest is A. akazakii.

Distribution

Acanthopagrus sea breams are found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans from the eastern coast of Africa and the Red Sea as far east as New Caledonia, south to Australia and north to Japan.