Abrothallus
Abrothallus is a genus of lichenicolous fungi. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Abrothallaceae, which itself is the sole taxon in the order Abrothallales.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by the Italian botanist Giuseppe De Notaris in 1849. The classification of the genus in either family or order was uncertain until molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the group as an independent lineage in the class Dothideomycetes. Both the family and the order were circumscribed in 2013 by Sergio Pérez-Ortega and Ave Suija.In 2012 Mikhail Zhurbenko proposed the genus Epinephroma to contain E. kamchatica; later analysis showed it to be the anamorph of an Abrothallus species, and now Epinephroma is placed in synonymy with Abrothallus. Other synonyms are Abrothallomyces, Phymatopsis, and Pseudo-lecidea.
Description
There are several morphological characteristics help define the genus Abrothallus. These include: spherical ascomata without a margin or well-defined edge that are sometimes dusted with golden or green pruina; bitunicate asci that have four to eight ascospores; brown, 2- to 4-celled, warted asymmetric ascospores; paraphyses that are ramified-anastomosed; and the presence of an with granulose pigments that often dissolve in potassium hydroxide.Species
, Species Fungorum accepts 44 species of Abrothallus:- Abrothallus acetabuli – parasitic on Parmelia acetabulum; from Europe
- Abrothallus altoandinus
- Abrothallus boomii
- Abrothallus brattii
- Abrothallus bryoriarum
- Abrothallus caerulescens
- Abrothallus canariensis
- Abrothallus cetrariae
- Abrothallus cladoniae
- Abrothallus curreyi – New Zealand
- Abrothallus doliiformis
- Abrothallus eriodermae
- Abrothallus ertzii
- Abrothallus etayoi
- Abrothallus granulatae – parasitic on Pseudocyphellaria granulata; from Argentina
- Abrothallus halei – parasitic on Lobaria quercizans and L. pulmonaria; from Europe and North America
- Abrothallus heterodermiicola
- Abrothallus hypotrachynae
- Abrothallus kamchatica
- Abrothallus lobariae
- Abrothallus macrosporus – South America
- Abrothallus microspermus
- Abrothallus nephromatis
- Abrothallus niger – Ecuador
- Abrothallus parmeliarum
- Abrothallus parmotrematis
- Abrothallus peyritschii
- Abrothallus pezizicola
- Abrothallus prodiens
- Abrothallus prodiens
- Abrothallus psoromatis
- Abrothallus puntilloi
- Abrothallus ramalinae – Seychelles
- Abrothallus santessonii
- Abrothallus secedens – commensalistic on species of Pseudocyphellaria; from Argentina and Kenya
- Abrothallus stereocaulorum
- Abrothallus stictarum – Colombia
- Abrothallus stroblii
- Abrothallus subhalei
- Abrothallus suecicus
- Abrothallus teloschistis
- Abrothallus tetrasporus
- Abrothallus tulasnei – parasitic on Xanthoparmelia somloensis; from Canada
- Abrothallus usneae
- ''Abrothallus welwitschii''